Reasons for Ethical Standards in the workplace Essay

Ethical standards guide individuals and the company to act in an honest and trustworthy manner in all interactions. These standards should encourage employees to make the right decisions for the company, not the individual, and give them the courage to come forward should they notice dishonest and unethical behavior. Company programs focused on ethics help lay out company standards and expected practices as they relate to ethical behavior and decisions. This can include providing clear guidance on common ethical dilemmas, such as using the phone at work for personal long-distance calls or using company software programs for personal projects. Management often sets the tone for expected ethical behavior and actions in the workplace. The actions and behaviors of management, and other senior staff, help steer departments and employees toward proper and accepted business practices. Part of this responsibility includes enforcing rules, guidelines and policies fairly and equally across all levels of the organization. Managers may also be tasked with helping employees navigate ethical dilemmas and solving difficult situations to keep the corporation on the right path. It’s very difficult to define ethics in the workplace. Generally,â€Å"being ethical† involves conducting yourself in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong. Ethics is a matter of using integrity-based decision-making procedures to guide your decisions and actions. In the workplace, being ethical may involve acting morally right, being honest, not cheating your employer, co-workers, or customers, not stealing from from the supply closet, and generally treating your co-workers well Other ethical situations may involve harassment, inappropriate use of the Internet, outside-of-work activities, etc. If your workplace lacks ethical standards, your employer risks losing valuable employees and customers and possibly even more Federal laws impose heavier penalties on employers Some of the primary forms of employee misconduct or unethical behavior include the following: ââ€"† Misrepresenting time or hours worked; ââ€"† Lying to supervisors; ââ€"† Lying to co-workers, customers, vendors, or the public; ââ€"† Misuse of your employer’s assets; and ââ€"† Lying on reports or falsifying records. As you can see, there is a widespread need for ethics in your workplace. A code of ethics can provide guidelines for your

Human Free Will and Gods Foreknowledge Essay

The argument of the compatibility and incompatibility of God’s foreknowledge and human free will have been going on for hundreds of years. Concerning the definition of freedom, to get a better understanding, can be described as an act that an individual can do freely without being restrained or force. Philosophers that are well known in this subject matter are Alvin Plantiga and Nelson Pike. Pike will argue that human freedom is incompatible with God’s foreknowledge based upon facts such as God being omniscient. Whereas, Plantiga argues that Pike’s theory is based upon confusion and that human free will can coexist with God’s foreknowledge. Let’s get in to the differences in predictability and God’s foreknowledge pertaining to free will to give a bit more understanding in the argument. Shook’s example is as follows, â€Å"What justification is available for our [predictability claim] that a wind-up toy, for example, my â€Å"Thomas the Train† toy, does not freely choose its behavior? † (Shook 142) This is to say that we as human beings can predict that this wind-up toy will move forward after we wind it up just as God might. However, this prediction is merely based on our knowledge of the past in using this toy. When we try to predict such an event, it has the possibility not working and we had no idea that this would happen, whereas, God would have predicted this as He is omniscient. It’s obvious in both of these arguments it is accepted that God is omniscient in all possible worlds. Pike states that â€Å"†¦ it is part of the essence of God to be omniscient†¦ any person who is not omniscient could not be the person we [call] God. † (Pojman & Rea 97) He goes on to point out that if this were false, in that any person can be called â€Å"God† if one was not omniscient, then we can call anyone God. Furthermore, this means to say that at any given time in the past, present or future an omniscient and existing God would know what would happen. This, I would argue is something that can be compatible with human freedom; In that if God believes, at a certain time (T1), that Peter will eat an orange (X) in the future T2 is necessarily true. At T2 Peter eats an apple (X2) will not go against the omniscience of God. God would have believed that at T2 it was with Peter’s free will that he will do X2. That is to say that, according to Plantiga,â€Å" It was within Peter’s power at T2 to do something that if he had done it,then God would not have held a belief that in fact he did hold. † (Pojman & Rea 110) Though Peter had two choices in either eating the orange or the apple the fact that God knows that he would have eaten the latter does not take away the freedom of Peter. Pike will argue that God will have known at a certain time (T1) that an event will be foreseen as soon as the human being is born such as T2. Pertaining to this situation Pike states, â€Å" †¦ if God held such a belief eighty years [T1] prior to [T2], Peter did not have the power on [T2] to do something that would have made it the case that God did not hold this belief eighty years later. † (Pojman & Rea 99) This fact goes on to say that it is with the omniscience of God that, no matter what, His belief will not have changed in between [T1] and [T2]. The argument can still be accepted in an statement made by St. Augustine, â€Å"†¦ it is not necessary to deny that God foreknows all things while at the same time our wills are our own. God has foreknowledge of our will, so that of which he has foreknowledge must come to pass. In other words, we shall exercise our will in the future because he has foreknowledge that we shall do so; and there can be no will or voluntary action unless it will be in our power. † (Hopkins 112) The argument here is that, even though God foreknows that Peter will eat the apple does not require Him to limit the humans free will; It was with knowledge and not restraint that Peter made his choice. Another claim that has to deal to this argument is that which Molina says, â€Å"†¦ it is not because God foreknows what He foreknows that men act as they do: it is because men act as they do that God foreknows what He foreknows. † (Pojman & Rea 102) Meaning that the reason why God foresees an event is based upon the action of the humans’ free will. This goes back to the differences in prediction and free will, however, now we are dealing with something other than an inanimate object. The differences in this claim are argued as follows by Shook, â€Å"If God possesses justified divine knowledge, his capacity for perfectly predicting future human actions is incompatible with the free will of alternative possibilities. † (Shook 157) For reasons already explained, it is impossible for God to have made a claim based on the consistency for his omniscient knowledge gave him the belief before the event occurred. This concept would be similar to me making a prediction of a friend who will wake up at five in the morning and take a shower every Tuesday because he is consistent in doing so. I can make this prediction, but it won’t be necessarily true. The consistency can always change, due to free will. To assume God’s cognitions to be similar is untrue. This would also be to say that if God’s beliefs are due to a humans freedom of will that, when the individual refrains from a certain action that he was going to do, that God’s belief is false. This cannot be true as well due to the acceptance of God’s omniscience. There is also a difference in free will and necessity too. An example can be that it is necessary for one to live by breathing which is arguably our will to do so. It is our will to live, therefore, we must breathe. Augustine explains further that, â€Å"†¦ if there is necessity there is no voluntary choice†¦ but rather fixed and unavoidable necessity. † (Pojman & Rea 101) This could be an argument that it is with necessary actions where God’s foreknowledge is indeed true. It is possible for us to not breathe, thus ending our life which is a necessary truth and God would foreknow as well. Molina writes, â€Å"He would foreknow the opposite if the opposite was to happen. † (Pojman & Rea) This argument coincides with the claim that was made above on the choices that were made by Peter. Pike is under the claim that it is incompatible for there to be human free will along with God’s foreknowledge. This is backed up by stating that God is omniscient and because of that the action by the human is not, in fact, under his will. Due to the belief of the event occurring before the time it does occur does not allow the human any other choices. This cannot be compared to anything that is predicted as it would falsify the omniscience of God. To compare the belief of a situation occurring to the prediction a human might make of a wind-up toy or close friend is also untrue as it would then allow for anyone to be called â€Å"God† because anyone is able to make such a prediction. The previous statement would negate that only an omniscient being can be called â€Å"God† since the human that can predict is not omniscient. The compatible claim of human free will and God’s foreknowledge is explained by Plantiga. He goes on to say that it is compatible as the person would have choices and be able to choose based on one’s own will. Explaining further that the foreknowledge of God does not require a restraint on the choice with which the human chooses. Whether or not the individual makes one choice over another God will still foresee it due to His omniscience, therefore, being an action of human free will. Though an action may be out of necessity (i. e.breathing) it is possible for us to still make another choice based on our own will. Works Cited Hopkins, Jasper. â€Å"Augustine On Foreknowledge And Free Will. † International Journal For Philosophy Of Religion 8. 2 (1977): 111-126. ATLA Religion Database. Web. 5 Nov. 2012. Pojman, Louis & Rea, Michael. Philosophy of Religion. Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 2012 Shook, John. â€Å"God’s Divinely Justified Knowledge Is Incompatible With Human Free Will. â€Å"Forum Philosophicum: International Journal For Philosophy 15. 1 (2010): 141-159. Academic Search Premier. Web. 7 Nov. 2012.

Assignment as

As part of the network security team, we will be proving IDI with a network security plan to mitigate the vulnerabilities that have been discovered. A secure site will be set up with network intrusion detection and network protection systems will be available to access via the internal network. Policies will be presented for remote access and the use of VPN. Also contained within this report will be strategies for hardening the network and mitigating risks. An updated network layout with increased network security to meet the current needs will be included. In the interest of business continuity, remote access will be utilized. User wishing access to internal network assets will only be able to access said assets with the use of a company issued laptop. We will make use of MAC address filtering to allow remote users access to the internal network via VPN. Each of the remote access laptops will have been loaded with VPN and have the MAC address added to the list on the MAC address filter. Users will be able to login to the VPN by using their local username and password. By making use of a VPN connection, users should be able to easily access the network assets. VPN connections are protected by SSL encryption which provides communication security over the internet. Each of the remote access laptops will be encrypted with McAfee safeboot encryption and all local data will remain encrypted until a valid login is entered. McAfee safeboot encryption requires additional login information to access the IDI internal network. At the present there is one web server for employees to access both internal and external sites. The network security team will be integrating a web server located within the internal network. This Web server will be accessible only from within IDI’s local area network. We will be using the layered security concept to protect IDI’s internal servers. An (IDS) intrusion detection system will be set up to send out alerts in the event of an intrusion and log all connections. An (IPS) intrusion prevention system will be set up to prevent the detected intrusions and will make use of MAC address filtering to deny or allow connections based off the MAC address or physical address of each machine. MAC address filtering will allow the servers to accept incoming traffic from predetermined hosts. To further secure the local area network, the network security team will be implementing the principle of least privilege in regards to the users. By using the principle of least privilege we will be preventing multiple forms of malicious or accidental risks by only giving the user the permissions and privileges necessary to complete their job. Microsoft’s default security software is commonly used and well known making the vulnerabilities well known, which would make it easier for a hacker to plan out an attack. Third party antivirus\malware and firewall software will be used on all machines. The servers located within the network will make use of a statefull firewall to monitor and filter all traffic on the network by scanning for congruence between data packets. The public facing servers used to connect the internal webserver to the customer website are contained within the demilitarized zone. Due to the demilitarized zones proximity to the wide area network, we will be taking a layered security approach. There will be a statefull firewall located between the router and the demilitarized zone. This firewall will protect the internal network via the LAN-to-WAN connection by performing in-depth packet inspection and closely monitoring the LAN’s inbound and outbound traffic. A stateless physical firewall device will be in place between the internet service provider and the demilitarized zone. This firewall hardware will allow for larger amounts of inbound and outbound traffic. The demilitarized zone will make use of both an IDS and IPS to handle any intrusions within this part of the network. Current IDI Network Weaknesses/vulnerabilities Logisuite 4. 2.2 has been installed 10 years ago, has not been upgraded, however over 350 modifications have been made, and license is expired RouteSim- The destination delivery program is used to simulate routes, costs and profits , it is not integrated into Logisuite or oracle financials to take advantage of the databases for real-time currency valuation and profit loss projections IDI needs to standardize office automation hardware and software currently there are about 600 workstations , 200 HP, 150 Toshibas, 175 IBM, 50 dell, rest are apple PowerBooks without CAD software available Software ranges from various antique word processing packages of which are incompatible for integration with each other, causing transfer of files to become corrupt when opened by incompatible software Polices exist that prohibit the introduction of personal devices, many executives have had administrators install clients on their unsupported non-standard personal laptops, pcs, ws that interface with internet with little or no personal protection WAN was designed by MCI in early 2000’s which has not been upgraded since data rate increases have occurred in Asia and Brazil has been distressed. Between September and March (peak hours) capacity is insufficient, customers are lost due to dropped connections and abandoned shopping baskets, further reducing growth and revenue Telecommunications – limited Mitel SX-2000 private automatic branch exchange (PABX) that only provides voicemail and call forwarding Current IDI Strengths Sao Paulo is presently the strongest link in the chain. Sao Paulo Brazil is a model of standardization; all other sites will be modeled after this site. The Sao Paulo office includes the following setup 30 MS windows for file and print 4 Linux (Unix) servers for major production applications 2 Linux (Unix) servers with the internet zone with juniper high-speed switches and routers A storage area network based on EMC CLARiiON SAP R/3(ECC6-Portal based apps) Up-to-date security policies although in Spanish The telephone system provided by SP Telesis- one of the four competing providers in the metropolitan city The NEC NEAX 2400 Series PABX used for internal and external communications

Nuclear Navy and It's Influence on Society Essay

Nuclear Navy and It's Influence on Society - Essay Example Today, more than 15% of the world's electricity comes from nuclear power, more than 150 nuclear-powered naval vessels have been built, and a few radioisotope rockets have been produced. As of 2005, nuclear power provided 6.3% of the world's energy and 15% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for 56.5% of nuclear generated electricity. As of 2007, the IAEA reported there are 439'nuclear power reactors in operation in the world operating in 31'countries. The United States produces the most nuclear energy, with nuclear power providing 19% of the electricity it consumes, while France produces the highest percentage of its electrical energy from nuclear reactors-78% as of 2006. In the European Union as a whole, nuclear energy provides 30% of the electricity. In comparison, France has a large number of these plants, with 16 multi-unit stations in current use. "Fission reactions involve the breakup of the nucleus of high-mass atoms and yield an energy release which is more than a million fold greater than that obtained from chemical reactions involving the burning of a fuel. Successful control of the nuclear fission reactions utilizes this intensive source of energy"( Nuclear Power). Enrico Fermi, in 1934 conducted the nuclear fission reaction successfully by bombarding Uranium nucleus ( U235) with fast moving neutrons. Otto Hahn, German chemist in 1938, along with Fritz Strassmann, Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch conducted the same experiments and they found out the chain reaction which causes the liberation of additional neutrons when U235 bombarded with neutrons. The liberated neutrons collide with other uranium nuclei and the process repeated as a chain. In each collision of the neutron with the nucleus, large amount of energy liberated which is multiplied through the chain reaction. The problem the scientists faced was how to con trol the chain reaction and thereby control the energy liberated. In 1942, in United States, Enrico Fermi and Szilard made the first man made nuclear reactor Chicago Pile -1 which was a part of the famous Manhattan Project. After the World War 2 the researches on nuclear energy increased and most of them were aimed to use for military purpose. Electricity was generated from a reactor for the first time in 1951. In 1952 President Truman ordered for aggressive research on solar energy instead of nuclear energy. But in 1953 President Eisenhower set the US on a course of strong government support for international use of nuclear power through his famous statement of "Atoms for Peace". Calder Hall nuclear power station in England was the first nuclear power station to Nuclear '. on Society 3 produce electricity commercially. The Shipping port Atomic Power Station in Shipping port, Pennsylvania was the first commercial reactor in the USA and was opened in 1957. Admiral Hyman G. Rickover U.S. Navy was one of the first organizations to develop nuclear power for the purpose of propelling submarines and aircraft carriers. It has a good record in nuclear safety, perhaps because of the stern demands of Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, who was the driving force behind nuclear marine propulsion as well as the Shipping port Reactor. "Admiral, Hyman Rickover, the Father of the

What is Spectatorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is Spectatorship - Essay Example The actor carries the action using the body. Therefore, the arrangement in a theater should be such that it brings the actor into contact with the reality of the scenic space. The spatial arrangement, the stage setting, and the lights should be placed in the service of the actor to bring out the harmony. Additionally, the paintings on the backcloth of the theater should also be reflective of the actor's object. The lighting should be moving in sync with the actors’ movement, characterized by the flexibility of flashings and shade movements. Thus, what is design? The design is that aspect in the theater that transforms the outer eye that observes, into the inner eye that sees through. Therefore, the role of design is to create a noble environment, where all emotions are possible and their expression touches the audience as much. Every play or performance on the stage has its own characteristics. What is the essence of design? The design is the means through which the characteri stic of every single performance is brought out. Therefore, the design is the aspect that does not bring surprise to the audience but delivers delight and acceptance of the play/performance (71). What is Directing? Directing is fundamentally a component o f casting. If the director does casting correctly, then the play or performance is eighty percent complete. Then, what does failing in casting mean? Having the wrong person in a given position of a pay means spending more time trying to make the person fit in, which does not happen. Therefore, what does directing essentially entail?

Motion against Provision of Aid to Developing Nations Coursework

Motion against Provision of Aid to Developing Nations - Coursework Example They will not develop the resources they have because they know they will get aid when they need it. Secondly, most of the aid given does not accomplish its task. It is lost in corrupt deals. Governments swindle the money meant for development of infrastructure and put it into different uses other than the expected ones (Wilkinson & Pickett, 2009:350). The goal is to have the money reach the poor, but in most instances, the poor remain poorer. Thirdly, the countries giving aid will place the recipient countries under too much pressure. These countries have to change their political and economic policies to suit the needs of their donating countries, and this shows that the recipient country owes the donating country a favor (Wilkinson & Pickett, 2009:351). Fourthly, the donating countries may have it as a condition that foreign companies need to manage the funds given, denying the hosts a chance to make their decisions. Since the developing nation needs the money, it is very easy to have them agree to such terms, but it will hurt its economy owing to the amount sent abroad rather than invested in the country (Wilkinson & Pickett, 2009:352). The fifth point is that the amount of money sent or the form of aid given could benefit large-scale projects while the common citizen who can only handle the smaller projects remains a spectator. The goal is to develop the lowest earning person to become self-sufficient, but the use of aid denies them this chance (Wilkinson & Pickett, 2009:350).

United States vs Burke case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

United States vs Burke case - Essay Example While walking a foot patrol, PO Charles Brown and his partner, PO Schroeder are approached by a woman, named Peppermint Patty, who tells them that her boyfriend, Linus Van Pelt, just beat her up and threatened to kill her.She then tells the police that he has drugs and guns in the apartment. The police asked her where her boyfriend was and she told them, "He's home, come with me." Patty takes the officers to a building three blocks away and brings them to an apartment. The police officers knock on the door and another woman answer the door. The police ask if Linus is home and the woman says that he just went to the store to get a pack of cigarettes. The police ask if they can come in and the woman says yes. While they are in, Patty tells the police officers that the woman is Linus's sister. Lucy. PO Brown asks Lucy if Linus keeps drugs and guns in the house. Lucy says, "I never saw any guns or drugs." PO Schroeder says, "So if I looked around I wouldn't find anything illegal here" Lu cy tells him that would be true. The police officers then remove the cushions from the couch and find two .38 caliber revolvers. They open a hallway closet and find three bags of cocaine hidden under some sheets and towels. Linus returns home and he and his sister are arrested. The defendants make a motion to suppress the evidence recovered from the apartment. Discuss the search and seizure issues involved and decide the motion. In United States v Burke (1963, DC Mass) 215 F Supp 508, affd (CA1 Mass) 328 F2d 399, cert den 379 US 849, 13 L Ed 2d 52, 85 S Ct 91, reh den 380 US 927, 13 L Ed 2d 815, 85 S Ct 902, a prosecution for mail robbery and conspiracy to rob the mails, it was held that the consent of the accused's landlady did not justify the warrantless search of the accused's apartment. The evidence disclosed that in response to persistent ringing of the doorbell of the accused's apartment, the landlady opened her door, advised the officers that the accused was not at home, and offered to let the officers inspect his room. The evidence further disclosed that the officers searched the room, ascertained that the accused was not present, and observed a postal uniform jacket, but left the room without seizing it. The court held that the search was illegal since the officers had neither a search warrant nor probable cause to arrest the accused. Denying the accused's motion to suppress various items of evidenc e, however, the court stated that since the officers at the time of the search already knew that the accused had recently acquired a letter carrier's uniform, no new evidence was discovered during this illegal search, so that the "fruit of the poison tree" doctrine had no application to the search. In United States v Paroutian (1962, CA2 NY) 299 F2d 486, the warrantless search of the accused's apartment was held to be invalid, and a subsequent seizure of narcotics and a letter based upon information discovered in the search, were held to be inadmissible against the accused, where the only authority the officers had for conducting the search was the apparent consent of the agent of the owner of the apartment building. The evidence disclosed that the agent accompanied the officers while they conducted the search, and that the accused was not in the residence at the time. Noting that it was unclear whether the accused had paid the rent for the month in which the search was conducted, the court stated that at the time of the search there was no indication that the accused did not intend to return to the apartment. Noting that the landlord made no efforts to evict the accused until several weeks after the search, the court stated that the accused was legitimately on the premises and was entitled to invoke the right of privacy guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment. Here, neither Peppermint Patty nor Lucy had the authority (at least on these facts) to allow the police into Linus' apartment to search the premises. Any evidence found as a result of the illegal search in the apartment must be suppressed.

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Research Paper Example as a key driver behind the phenomenal success that the company has been able to achieve in the past decade or so. Certainly, when one views Apple Inc.’s extensive product portfolio in the technology industry, the immediate reaction that is garnered with regards to the success of the product reflects upon the idea that the triumph of the product is only attributable to innovation and creativity. More so, one also feels that Apple Inc. has been able to stand out in the market because time and again the organization has been able to beat competitors like Microsoft and Samsung by deliberating what the customer wants and then acting upon that deliberation. However, innovation in product design and execution is not something that happens by chance and it most certainly is not one facet of organizational success. Through this article I learned that it is in fact possible for a company to base its future direction on the design of the product that appeals the market and reaches out to the customer. I believe that the crux of Heracleous’s analysis regarding Apple Inc.’s product design and associated decisions lies in emphasizing upon how the company is able to develop a convergence. As noted by the author, â€Å"†¦the company has helped to accelerate the blurring of industry boundaries through the spread of devices that offer convergent technologies† (Heracleous 3). In this segmnent of the discussion the author emphasizes upon the need to take such product design decisions that demonstrate risk and audacity through the integration of a surprise element. Many a times while conducting research that is related to operations management and enhancing the issues that are associated with process management, companies choose to ignore the minor faults in the product design itself which maybe hindering the successful execution of tasks. Discussing the matter with respect to process decision making at Apple Inc. it can be identified that the company basis its

Slavery and Human Trafficking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Slavery and Human Trafficking - Research Paper Example Basically, individuals are trafficked between countries or within borders of a state and in most cases, those trafficked are subjected to sexual or labor exploitation. Human trafficking is one of the most common problems affecting counties and families on every continent. Mostly, human trafficking is associated with sexual exploitation but about a third of all trafficked individuals are exclusively subjected to labor exploitation such as domestic work, packing and processing, and agricultural work among others.   Normally, the victims of human trafficking are illegally relocated to another country where they are forced into slavery conditions so to enable the traffickers can benefit financially (Healey 1). Human trafficking is a form of slavery in the modern society and it is considered a form of slavery because it involves transporting individuals to another country against their will to benefit others. Human trafficking is a global problem and it does not only occur in poor areas but also in developed places. Human trafficking is mainly for sexual abuse, elimination of organs, forced labor, or forced marriage among others. It is a crime against an individual since it violates the victim’s rights of movement via coercion and so it is strongly condemned as a violation of human rights by international conventions. The most people trafficked are migrant workers who in most cases seek to escape from poverty and improve their lives and also be able to support their families. They are dece ived that they will get well-paying jobs abroad but when they rich there, the promised job does not exist and as a result, they are forced to work in worse conditions or they find a job that they do not agree with.

Business Environment And Strategic Management Assignment

Business Environment And Strategic Management - Assignment Example has necessitated these firms or the industries to invest in new technology or new systems that assist in reducing costs while at the same time enhances efficiency, which in turn results in higher profits. It is important to note that such initiatives are not the preserve of firms and industries in the higher echelons. This means that company CEO or industry leaders are increasingly on the lookout to for demands that are strategic and complement fully the operations of the firm or groups of firms in the industry. Various firms in a bid to be ahead of the pack are increasingly adopting new developments such as mobile technology and the rampant usage of social networking. There are strategic roles that new technology have with regard to a firm or an industry, this paper will initially look into them thereafter look into factors which may hamper the diffusion of such new technology. Additionally, the paper will consider a specific product or process innovation in an organization then analyse the corporate objectives for such an investment. Finally the paper will Identify and discuss factors which may have helped or hindered the adoption of this new technology within the organisation. The significance of strategies for not only firms but also the entire industries has been always stressed in the strategic management. Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2010, p.334) observed that ‘†¦corporate strategies†¦ Allow firms to search for new markets †¦and technologies to outdo their rivals’. A number of literatures on strategic management have pointed out that firms adoption of new technologies can be directly linked to strategic roles that a firm’s management hierarchy intends to pursue. Various firms adopt these strategies to show critical and important stages they must follow in order to achieve their target organizational objectives. The available strategic management theories often cite two important models of strategic decision-making: the incremental and the

Endangered species Essay Example for Free

Endangered species Essay The tiger being a native occupant of the Eastern and Southern Asia is endangered species. Six out of the nine subspecies of the tiger are endangered while the other three subspecies are already extinct according to the zoo attendant. The tiger species are endangered due to quite a number of reasons e. g. poaching, deforestation and fragmentation. This is to the fact that this wild cat likes only densely populated areas which pose greater risk for its survival. The tiger is being hunted for fur and destruction of habitat has reduced the tiger population in the wild. Research has established that at the start of the 20th century it was estimated that over 100000 tigers existed world over but their population has reduced greatly to about 2000 in the wild. Some research also suggests that it is even lower in numbers. Some major campaigns have been initiated world wide in order to conserve this specie e. g. the project tiger initiative in India; which has the largest population of tigers, has been on a campaign since 1973, initially spearheaded by Indira Gandhi. Fundamental accomplishments have been the establishment of over 25 well-monitored tiger reserves in reclaimed land where human development is not allowed. 2. Background information: The tiger as it is commonly known has the scientific name Panthera tigris. It is a member of the family Felidae the largest of the four big cats in the genus Panthera. More information about its classification is as follows: Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Carnivora, Family: Felidae, Genus: Panthera, Species: P. tigris. And its subspecies are: P. t. tigris, Panthera tigris jacksoni, P. t. sumatrae, Panthera tigris altaica, Panthera ,tigris amoyensis, † Panthera tigris virgata, † P. t. balica, † P. t. sondaica. The last three sub species are extinct. It is a native of much of the Southern and Eastern Asia ands is an obligate carnivore and apex predator. It lives in various types of forests, including wet; evergreen; the deciduous forest, and the thorn forests and prefers denser vegetation. 3. The plan: One of the proposed plans to save this endangered species is to reclaim land occupied by people that were originally habitat for this animal, secondly there is need to introduce new and strict measures to curb the poaching menace to the animal species. The most endangered species are recommended for zoos in order to preserve them and prevent them from becoming extinct. It is more than evident that the Washington DC zoo is campaigning highly on the fact mission of saving this specie even though the zoo might not be able to accommodate all the endangered species of the animal. In order to be able to accomplish this, the zoo management has established a research centre that is dedicated to the well being and maintenance of the tiger. 5. Estimate cost It is better to recommend the animal to be breed in the wild than keeping it in the Zoo. This is so due to high cost of breeding in the Zoo and since it is a wild cat, being kept in the wild while monitoring their development is necessary and this is the work of the research institutions that have been established in the Zoo. 6. Conclusions: Since the major problem that this animal is experiencing is deforestation, poaching, and fragmentation. It is rather proper to take precautionary steps such as land reclamation by a forestation in deforested areas to allow the tiger to breed fully to increase in population.

Hyderabad city

Hyderabad city Introduction: Hyderabad, the capital city of the state of Andhra Pradesh is one of the fast growing urban assortments in India. It is located on the Deccan plateau which is in the southeast part of India and it is a typical inland city .Hyderabad has a semi-arid climate and an annual rain fall of 75 centimeters. The city of Hyderabad is famous for its lakes; it has about 5 lakes surrounding it. These lakes help in the water supply for the city of Hyderabad. Hyderabad has one of the most beautiful lakes with boating facilities for visitors. These places also offer sports like Para sailing, water scooter, etc. these lakes are home for many migrating birds. Hyderabad has a population of 5.2 million inhabitance that is the quarter of the population of the state of Andhra Pradesh and it has a population growth rate of 10% a year. Other than the population Hyderabad has an uncontrolled industrial growth in and around itself. Due to the population and the industries surrounding Hyderabad the demand for water supply is very high. The water that is necessary is provided by the river Musi and the 5 lakes surrounding it these 5 lakes are Hussain sagar Saroornagar lake Osman sagar Himyat sagar Shamirpet Lake These lakes in Hyderabad are manmade which serve the purpose of storage and supply of water of the great city of Hyderabad. Hyderabad gets its rain in the south west monsoon period in the Indian climatic chart. Most of the rain fall occurs in the months of June to September. What these lakes do is they store this rain water so it can be utilized in the time of need. Hyderabad is known as the â€Å"city of pearls†. The city is a major hub for information technology industries as well as pharmaceutical industries, biotech industries. Due to the presence of so many people and industries the demand for water supply is more, and this demand for water supply is provided by the lakes surrounding Hyderabad. (Ramachandraiah, C. and Sheela Prasad (2004, 2003)). The main water sources and the water suppliers for the city of Hyderabad comes from the various water projects that are surrounding it the following table will explain this Pressure On Water Use: Hyderabad is a large city with a huge population having many industries and a large agriculture area because of this water coming from a single source is not sufficient; this is where the lakes surrounding Hyderabad help. First we should identify the key water users who we need to supply water. The water that is supplied from these lakes is used for Agriculture Industries Household Recreation Environmental uses Agriculture: agriculture is essential for the production of food and to cultivate we need water. So the water that is stored in these lakes is supplied for agricultural purposes by using pipe lines but mostly in India water needed for agriculture is used from bore wells. In Hyderabad 35% of the water is supplied for agriculture. Industries: industries play a vital role in Hyderabad and Hyderabad is a place where new industries are being built every ware .in order for these industries to run sufficient water should be supplied. These industries are located in Patancheru, Bolaram, BHEL, Hi-tech city; generally 15% of the citys water is supplied to these areas. Household: 40% of the water that is being supplied to Hyderabad is used for household purposes .Since it is a city it contains many people and also because of the industries people will be visiting due to this a large amount of water is needed this water is supplied by the lakes surrounding it. Recreation: 5% of the water that is being supplied to Hyderabad is used for recreation purposes like water parks like Ocean Park; Jalvihar.This water is also used for golf course which is at Bolaram. The water used in swimming pools also comes under recreational purposes where Hyderabad ha s a lot of swimming pools around it. Environmental purposes: in this water usage includes artificial lakes intended to create wildlife habitat, fish ladders, and water releases from reservoirs timed to help fish spawn and the Hussain Sagar Lake was created mainly for this function and it is located in the center of the city. Demand /Supply Issues: For the city of Hyderabad there are many demand and water supply issues which need to be kept in mind considering the population and economic growth if we need to fix this problem we need to identify and develop new supply sources almost continually. Increase in population growth rate, overexploitation of ground water, poor sewage treatment, declining surface water resources and deterioration of ground water quality these are the major water related issues in Hyderabad. The major supply and demand issues and the factors that affect this for Hyderabad are concerned with the following Population growth: Hyderabad has a Population of 5.2 million and having a growth rate of 2.5% ever year is considered to be a large city and the population is very high because of this the supply and the demands needs of the citizens are not met correctly .Due to this large population supply of the required amount of water is very difficult. Increased affluence: This is also an issue due to the increase in population and poverty in India increasing affluence without doubt means more water consumption from needing clean fresh water 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and basic hygiene service. Rapid urbanization: Due to the rapid urbanization of the city of Hyderabad and its constant expansion because of this it requires investment in water infrastructure in order to deliver water to individuals and to process the concentrations of wastewater, because of this rapid urbanization the water supply to all the people is not going well and this has become a major issue. Expansion of business activity: since Hyderabad is a large city and a site for many businesses and industries and also the number of industries and businesses are growing in a constant rate due to this it will attract many people and it will lead to urbanization an increase in population and because of this increase there will be in issue for supply of water for all these people. Climate change: climatic change plays an important role in the supply of water for the city of Hyderabad every year the amount of rainfall is decreasing or due to the climate change the rainfall is not falling in the sufficient time. Because of this there is an issue in the supply of water for the city of Hyderabad. Pollution and water protection: Due to the dumping of pollution into the rivers and lakes that are produced by humans and industries surrounding Hyderabad the water in them cannot be used and the water protection is also not so grate so we cannot use this water, due to this the supply of water is gradually decreases. This is by far one of the major issues concerned with the water bodies surrounding Hyderabad. Pressures On Water Quality: In addition to encroachments, pollution of lake waters by untreated domestic sewage and toxic industrial effluents has been going on over the years in the city of Hyderabad. The lakes that used to provide drinking water do not do so now. First in the city of Hyderabad there were supposed to be six industrial areas but there are now twelve areas and also many of these industries are located near the lakes due to which all the lakes are getting polluted because of the wastes that are coming out from these industries. Because of these effluents that are coming out from the industries the lakes are becoming toxic and because of this toxicity the lakes are becoming devour of any life. Some of the important rivers polluted by the industrial effluents are Bollaram, Isakavagu, Nakkavagu, and Manjeera. A study conducted by HUDA showed that 18 water bodies we most polluted while 67 were less polluted and out of the 36 lakes only 6 lakes were in useable condition. The pollution control board was unsuccessful in implying the Environment Protection Act, 1986, the Water Act, 1974 and the Air Act, 1981.HUDA gave particulars abort 169 lakes covering an area of 90.56sq.km.amongs these 25 are private, 62 are governments and 82 are partly government partly private. According to the law these areas must be kept from any construction to prevent any type of pollutions to the lakes and to allow free flow of water into the lakes. There are about 200 Central and State laws to protect environment in India (Sinha, 2001:47). As per section 24 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, poisonous, noxious or polluting matter shall not be discharged, directly or indirectly, into water bodies, sewers or on land. Similarly, under sections 7 of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 Ã¢â‚¬Ë œno person carrying on any industry, operation or process shall discharge or emit or permit to be discharged or emitted any environmental pollutant in excess of such standards as may be prescribed (Divan and Rosencrantz, 2001: 653, 676).The government of Indias (GOI, 1992) policy statement on abatement of pollution declares four guiding principles with the objective of integrating environmental considerations into decision making (Ibid.: 36): (i) prevention of pollution at source, (ii)adoption of the best available technology, (iii) the polluter pays principle, and (iv) public participation in decision making Referencing: Ramachandraiah, C. and Sheela Prasad (2004) â€Å"Impact of Urban Growth on Water Bodies: The Case of Hyderabad†, Working Paper No. 60, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad. Ramachandraiah, C. (2003): â€Å"Urbanisation and Urban Services†, in Hanumantha Rao, C.H. and S. Mahendra Dev (eds.) Andhra Pradesh Development: Economic Reforms and Challenges Ahead, CESS, Hyderabad. Sinha, S. (2001) ‘Environmental Protection: Role of Constitutional Courts, in Contribution of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in the Development of Constitutional Law, High Court of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad. GoI, (1992) Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution. Delhi: Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. Divan, S. and A. Rosencranz (2001) Environmental Law and Policy in India: Cases, Materials and Statues. New Delhi: Oxford.

Role of Study Center in Higher Education

Role of Study Center in Higher Education THE ROLE OF STUDY CENTER IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN INCREASING LINKAGES AMONG INDUSTRY UNIVERSITY GOVERNMENT (TRIPLE HELIX MODEL) Alimatus Sahrah Faculty of Psychology, University of Mercu Buana Yogyakarta Abstract Triple helix model which requires the existence of linkages Industry University Government is believed to accelerate the achievement of the Indonesian Developmental Vision of 2020. Case study of the existence of Study Center in Higher Education, conducted using SWOT analysis method, proven able to improve the linkages among Industry University Government. Triple helix model facilitates the creation of mutual collaboration among the three parties involved. It is hoped that a more open relationship and mutual benefit will be conducted between the academics and the government, academics and business, and business and the government. Key word: Triple Helix Model, Linkages among Industry University Government, Study Center in Higher Education, SWOT analysis INTRODUCTION According to Legislative Act Num. VII/MPR/2001 on November 9, 2001 on Future Vision of Indonesia, Indonesian Vision of 2020 is to make Indonesia as a religious society, humane, united, democratic, just, prosperous, advanced, independent, and good and clean in the nation administration. It is also important to note that the achievement of Vision 2020 took place in an era of global free trade, in which Indonesia is also a member of ASEAN, should succeed the ASEAN Vision 2020, and also because it is also a member of APEC, it must also succeed Digital Economy of APEC. Thus the nature of life in the era of globalization characterized by liberalization of trade and investment could no longer inevitable. Even developed countries already preparing themselves to face the situation by futurologist Keniche Ohmae (Lukita. ) called the borderless world situation. This trend makes the trade growing so rapidly, that no longer able to predict the direction of its development. The development of thes e global world enormous changes forces every country, including Indonesia, to encourage the acceleration of technology and knowledge as a basis of its competitive excellence. One of the significant changes in the world today is an international economic development that leads to a Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE). In this KBE, knowledge and innovation are considered more influence economic activity, which will ultimately determine the economic welfare of the people of a country. Rapid technological development affects competition and rapid changes in business environment. The factor of such technological development is a determining factor of a company success, because it will be directly related to the companys management effectiveness in producing the knowledge to create new technologies. This condition occurs in both the industry and national economy (governance) level, that the industry or economic performance depends on the ability to process knowledge in creating innovation. In order to anticipate the changes above, then the Higher Education needs to change the educational paradigm from the old industrial education pattern to a new industrial entrepreneurial education, to encourage the creation of knowledge based economy. In this case, knowledge is power is useful to improve competitiveness of the nation. Therefore, the Higher Education as knowledge-producing institution needs to improve management of its organization in order to accelerate the achievement of the nations vision. The Role of Higher Education as a motivating factor of   knowledge production is first mentioned in the form of Mode 1, which is a modality of knowledge production in which knowledge is produced in the context of a particular discipline, now shifts to the modalities of Mode 2 knowledge production, in which knowledge can be produced more spread, not only centered on the university, thus enabling the cooperation between the industry university government that has the same interest in problem solving (Gibbons in Hidayat, 2001). The issue of linkage between industry and university R D institution is a central issue in the discourse of science and technology policy. In the discourse of science and technology policy in Indonesia is often discussed the importance of the concept of Triple Helix model and the concept of ABG (Academician, Business, and Government) in the development of science and technology (KRT, 2001). ABG concept refers to a condition in which the R D in universities and government, and industry in a strong bond, which allows for cooperation and synergy among them in the development and utilization of science and technology. Therefore, programs that allow for the linkages among the three pillars become indispensable. Referring to the three pillars of linkages with the Triple Helix model, the Ministry of Research and Technology with a program of RUK (Riset Unggulan Kemitraan/Competitive Research Partnership) provide incentives to programs that conduct research cooperation among university R D institutions, industry and government. This is also supported by the development of the developed countries that encourage such cooperation, so that can make a tremendous acceleration in the development of their knowledge and technology. A Study Center in Higher Education was formed to be a forum of interdisciplinary study in a particular field. Study Center was founded with the intention that the University can increase productivity and innovation of products or services are produced to the public. Thus, the existence of Study Center in Higher Education should be able to help the College or University in their task of Tri Dharma. In general, according to Pedju (2009) universities should be able to go forward and be able to create strategies to develop the nation (university led development strategy), because almost all the aggregates in the modern university is able to support it, especially with government policy that has facilitated the education budget of 20% as now it is. Only Pedju (2009) still questioned the existence of the modern mindset of existing human resources to be able to represent the vision and mission of the university towards a knowledge-based society. Referring to the description above, this study aimed to review whether the presence of Study Center in Higher Education can play a role in strengthening links among universities industry government (triple helix model) in order to prosper the nation. In this case the Study Center should be interpreted as the spearhead of Higher Education to produce knowledge that creates innovation in the achievement of the vision the nation itself. TRIPLE HELIX MODEL: Universities, Industry and Government Triple helix is a term used to name a concept of university-industry-government partnership that synergize in developing the capacity and functioning of S T (Science Technology) for the nation development processes (Sasmojo, 2011). Etzkowitz, (2008) defined Triple helix as the three different spheres of business, higher education and public institutions working together on new tasks and in new fields. These three spheres together, and not only by themselves, make it possible to obtain an enhanced outcome from the cooperation and invested capital, in the form of innovative new products and solutions. A triple helix regime typically begins as university, industry and government enter into a reciprocal relationship in which each attempts to enhance the performance of the other. Each institutional sphere is thus more likely to become a creative source of innovation and to support the emergence of creativity that arises in other spirals. Through this model, Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (2000) and Leydesdorff and Etzkowitz (1998) tried to analyze new form of institutional forces in innovation system (Fig. 1). Interactions among actors in innovation systems are Further explained in more detail by the Triple Helix Model. The triple helix is a spiral model of innovation that captures multiple reciprocal relationships at different points in the process of knowledge capitalization (Etzkowitz, 2002). The first dimension of the triple helix model is an internal transformation in each of the helices, Such as the development of lateral ties among companies through strategic alliances or an assumption of an economic development mission by universities. The second is the influence of one helix upon another. The third dimension is the creation of a new overlay of trilateral networks and Organizations from the Interaction Among the three helices, formed for the purpose of coming up with new ideas and formats for high-tech development. The triple helix denotes the university-industry-government relationship as one of relatively equal, yet interdependent, institutional spheres overlap and take the role of the other. Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (2000) wrote on three Kinds of triple helix model: Triple helix model where there is great role of a country in directing university and industry and the relationship the between them. A strong version of role can be founded in the countries left by Soviet and East Europe, while softer version can be founded in Latin America and some European countries like Norwegian. This kind of Triple Helix model can be shown in Fig. 2. This first triple helix model is described as a model fail by Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff. With low bottom up initiative, innovation is lacking of appropriate stimulus. The second triple helix model consists of separate institution with rigid boundary circle dividing three of the actors and describe separate relation one to another. This model occur as a respond to the first model of the which bring the policy of laissez-faire (free competition) lowering the role of the country as shown in Fig.3. The last model indicates the presence of knowledge infrastructure in the form of piece of institutional roles sharing the circle each other in form of hybrid organization shown in the three interfaces of the circle. This model is developed country mostly implemented in the more directed to the forming of relations. This model is shown in Fig.4. KIN (Komite Inovasi Nasional) (2011) berpendapat bahwa tiga pilar penopang sistem inovasi menurut konsep model triple helix, yakni (1) Perusahaan, yang dalam hal ini dapat melakukan pembelajaran teknologi secara interaktif, aliansi teknologi dan pengetahuan, kemitraan litbang, dan pengembangan human capital dalam melakukan penelitian dan pengembangan.   (2) Institusi pendidikan, yang dalam hal ini dapat melakukan pendidikan dasar dan lanjutan, pelatihan vokasional, perlindungan HKI, kemitraan litbang, pengkajian, perluasan informasi teknologi; (3) Pemerintah, yang berperan dalam pembuat regulasi dan insentif. Misalnya regulasi pajak, persaingan sehat, alih teknologi, standard pengelolaan dls. Konsep ini seperti dijelaskan Pedju, 2009 pada Gambar 5. KIN (Komite Inovasi Nasional/Committee of the National Innovation) (2011) argues that the three pillars supporting the innovation system according to the concept of the triple helix model, namely (1) The company, which in this case can do an interactive learning technology, alliances   technology and knowledge, R D partnerships, and human capital development in research and development. (2) Educational institutions, which in this case can do the primary and secondary education, vocational training, protection of IPR, R D partnerships, review, expansion of information technology, (3) The Government, which plays a role in regulatory and incentive. E.g tax regulation, fair competition, technology transfer, standard management, etc. This concept is as described Pedju, 2009 in Figure 5. STUDY CENTER IN HIGHER EDUCATION SWOT ANALYSIS This research takes a case study of 10 profiles of various University Study Center in Indonesia. From the profile of the study centers can be described that: The background of the formation of Study Centre: To search for potential or rare resources, through a particular approach (typical), in order to obtain the maximum benefit to the public long term welfare and to enhance the competitiveness of nations in this competitive era, so that it is necessary to have a place to examine certain forms of management that can increase economic productivity by leveraging existing resources. Vision of the Study Center: To realize a study center that became the motivator and the driver for socialization and development of innovation and improves productivity with a particular approach, in order to realize a productive, prosperous and globally competitive industrial community. Mission of the Study Center: (a) Increasing awareness of industry and society to Product Development and Innovation, (2) Provide assistance to the industry in improving the Product Development and Innovation. (C) Encourage the creation of the community who appreciate the Product Development and Innovation. Goals and Objectives Formation of Study Center: (a) Develop subjects related to the formation of Study Center to help the process of learning and teaching in the faculties concerned; (b) Develop Study Centre management in the broadest sense in an interdisciplinary manner to obtain an increase in productivity with quality expected, (c) Develop an interdisciplinary collaboration between experts of study centers and the experts from other fields in various faculties to increase the active role of the University in national development, (d) Implement the cooperation with various agencies / institutions both at home and abroad government, private, state, and international institutions; (e) Develop information systems of study center for anyone working on either expert users, students, private, and community, (f) Scientific Society: Being a center of study and research in the field of Study Center. Product Development and Innovation, through various activities including discussions, genera l lectures, seminars, workshops, training, and cooperative research; (g) Industrial Society: Being an institution that can help the Society for Industrial Product Development and Innovation. Work Program Service provided by Study Center: Education: (i) Help develop subjects related to the field of Study Center in various faculties, (ii) Holding seminars, symposia, workshops, and other scientific meetings as a vehicle for community and science development, (iii) Publishes journals and another appropriate communications media; Research: (i) To submit a research proposal to the parties involved, (ii) Conduct a study to obtain the form of resource management in different scientific areas, (iii) Develop appropriate technological review in the field of study center management, (iv) Establish cooperation research with research institutions related Community Service: (i) Cooperating with the central government, local governments, state enterprises, public enterprises, private enterprises, and others to seek solutions to problems encountered in this field, (ii) Providing training services to the executor in the field, (iii) Building a network that cares about the field of Study Centre. Organization and Human Resource of Studies Center:   Study Centre is directly under the Rector not under the management of a particular faculty anymore, but the human resources are still borrowing from existing personnel in the various faculties at a university. From the SWOT analysis conducted on Study Center at the University in its efforts to strengthen the relationship university industry and government, it can be concluded that: Strength of the existence of Study Center in Higher Education are: (1) Allows for a review of an area in an integrated and interdisciplinary problems, (2) Being a vehicle for the gathering of experts to discuss an integrated knowledge to form a specific scientific community, (3) Facilitate relationships with the world outside the university, so it does not require a long bureaucratic, (4) the accumulation of matter, materials, or references associated with a particular problem areas, Weaknesses of Study Center in Higher Education: (1) Unavailability of human resources remain to be still in the organizations of Study Center. The existing personnel are those who are usually have a baseline on a particular course. So the presence in the Study Centre is just a side job, (2) Unavailability of an adequate budget for the Study Center in conducting its activities, so it will be a burden for Study Center because they must absorb funds outside the university to finance their activities, (3) The absence of workload analysis of the lecturer who are not only burdened with duties as a lecturer as the main task but also do research to fulfill the demand of the society; (4) The topics of research conducted by the study centers were more likely to an order from society, so the possibility of innovative research ideas become stunted existence. This right includes freedom to be creative from the lecturers to be somewhat less obstructed, (5) the highly dependency in the case of fund ing to the government through a grant from DIKTI or Research and technology Ministry. Opportunities that can be achieved with the existence of Study Center in Higher Education: (1) Availability of funds that exist in every state as a form of corporate social responsibility towards the community, (2) The existence of new opportunities for universities to move to a more central position in society. For instance research as a source of new knowledge for the knowledge economy. In the era of globalization, economic competitiveness increasingly depends on innovation. Innovation in turn is often interesting both on scientific and technological knowledge. University, as the main source of new scientific knowledge, hence has a chance to play a more central role in contributing to innovation, competitiveness and economic development, (3) allow the external demand for Higher Education and continuous learning skills. In order that a company can produce a competitive product, it must continuously keep innovating so their product can be accepted by society, so Higher Education thro ugh their Study Center should be ready to increase the knowledge and skills continuously to create higher added value products that produced, (4) The existence of new information and communication technologies that could revolutionize the ways of lecturer teaching and learning to be more sophisticated. Using sophisticated technology, Higher education can offer new ways that may be much more effective for lecturers in providing good teaching in the classroom. Sophisticated technology can also start changing the process of research and knowledge production in a number of ways. These include a dramatic increase in the modeling and simulation to complement traditional experimental approaches, as well as enhance the ability of researchers to collaborate in larger groups in distance in a more effective way. The threats of the existence of Center for Studies in Higher Education: (1) Increased pressure on universities to meet the needs of the community and in many cases more specific industry needs. Some see this as an important threat to the autonomy of universities and basic research and long-term survival of science (eg Ziman, 1991 1994), (2) The second threat seen from the effects of globalization itself that characterized by the development of new information and communication technologies growing rapidly, which makes the students demanded a possibility of continuous learning after they finish studying in Higher Education, or it can be said that the increase in expectations of students to not only learn in their Universities but also want to continue straight to work, career in industry-related scientific, (3) The possibility of weakening the relationship between research and teaching. As pressure builds on academics to teach more students, to teach more efficiently, and to provide the specific skills required by the economy and society, may having adverse consequences for research. Conversely, the pressure to conduct research (often associated with national priorities, whether economic or social) and to publish (both to improve the career prospects of individuals or research institute) can lead to less emphasis in teaching. DISCUSSION The result showed by the SWOT analysis conducted on the existence of Center for Studies in Higher Education in order to produce knowledge and innovation, there is a factor of considerable strength and opportunities, although it still must be also addressed the existence of barriers or weaknesses and threats that exist. This is very useful to be able to formulate what strategies should be used for the linkage of the three pillars of the triple helix model is becoming increasingly apparent. The Triple helix facilitates the creation of mutual collaboration between the three parties involved. With the triple helix, expected a more open relationship and mutual benefit can be made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹between the academics and the government, academics and business, and business and the government, so that the role of higher education is not hampered by structural constraints in the implementation of functions in addition to education and teaching as well research and commun ity service. In a changing environment, universities as the main source of new knowledge and skills are necessary for the creation of knowledge-based economy, because the university could almost be a machine of economy itself. In this scenario, the university rather than under threat, but will become more central. A Study Center for Studies in higher education actually has the higher ability to conduct research and development in the field of science and technology, because here are usually available sophisticated science and technology infrastructure and high-quality human resources are relatively sedentary and expert in their areas of knowledge. However, because the research requires funding not less, and always expect the government research grants are not possible, then they have to look for new breakthroughs happen (Pranyoto, 2008). Register and take care of Patent Rights from the results of research conducted can be an alternative answer. In addition to creating the phenomenon of triple hel ix in university, industry and government, can be pursued for example a company hires an academics to become a business people, or vice versa, or it may be possible that governance staff become an academics at the University. This can happen only if there is mutual openness and mutual collaborative cooperation between the three parties. The above description was consistent with the explanation Etzkowitz Leydesdorff (1995), regarding third-party linkages in the triple helix model of this. Explained that if for example there is an established industry based on the triple helix model would have to allow for the process to stimulate innovation in academician, business, and government (ABG) as the main actors in innovation systems. Therefore, synergized cooperation Among Those three actors is expected to occur, so in the long term, industry will have high competitiveness through its capability to innovate. Some Important features of this model mainly include: (1) ABG Transformation in relation to result in knowledge. Role of the parties INVOLVED is more on the integrated relationship than the transfer of knowledge through intermediaries, (2) Recursive interaction. Relationships Among the parties are more in form of continuous development process, (3) Vague roles and Limitation (fuzzy border) among actors. University, fo r example also takes its role in developing entrepreneurial, while private has its role in academic dimension, (4) Micro-level of analysis in an institutional context. This institution is not only related to organization but also relationships, interaction, and rules / policy, and other aspect like norm and tradition. Another perspective that tries to explain the changing role of universities as producers of knowledge is the conceptual framework presented Leydesdorrff and Etzkowitz (2001). According to this perspective the stronger linkages between universities, industry, and government can be modeled with a triple helix. In this model, university viewed as has taken a new role (in addition to the role of teaching and research), namely the role of contributor to economic development. According to Etzkowitz (2008), this new role, often referred to as entrepreneurial university, which is the second revolution in the development of the university (Mode 2). The first revolution occurred when the university which was originally only served as a place of teaching (Teaching University), then take the role of research (Research University), and subsequently the university began to take on missions contribute significantly to the economy in this era. CLOSING The existence of Study Center in Higher Education as a container of interdisciplinary study in a particular field, it actually has considerable potential to play a role in the development of science and technology. The existence of Study Center in Higher Education was proven in improving the linkage University Industry Government. Triple helix facilitates the creation of mutual collaboration between the three parties involved. It is hoped that a more open relationship and mutual benefit can be made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹between the academics and the government, academics and business, and business and the government, so that the role of higher education is not hampered by structural constraints in carrying out the functions of research and community service in addition to the function of education and teaching . Universities are expected to take his new role as entrepreneurial university, which is the second revolution in the development of the university (Mode 2). Bibliography Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. (1998), The Endless Transition: A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations, Minerva 36, 203-08. Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. 2000. The dynamic of innovation: from National System and Mode 2 to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations.   Research Policy 29. Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (1995). The Triple HelixUniversity-Industry- Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge Based Economic Development. EASST Review 14, 14-19. Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and Mode-2 to a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123. Etzkowitz, H., 2002. Networks of innovation: science, technology and development in the triple helix era. International Journal of Technology Management Sustainable Development 1, 7-20. Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and Mode 2 to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations, Research Policy: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 109-123. Ezkowitz, H. (2008) The Triple Helix: Universtiy, industry and Government, Routledge, London. Gibbons, M. (2000) Universities and the New Production of Knoeledge: some policy implications for Government. The material appeared in Summers Institute. Dalam Hidayat, D. (2001) Keterkaitan antara Perguruan Tinggi dan Industri: Analisis Historis di Negara Maju dan Pelajarannya bagi Negara Berkembang. Laporan Penelitian Kerjasama Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan IPTEK dan LIPI. Ketetapan MPR Ketetapan MPR No. VII/MPR/2001 tanggal 9 November 2001 tentang Visi Indonesia Masa depan KIN (Komite Inovasi Nasional) (2011) Menuju Negara Maju Berbasis Ekonomi. Laporan Komite Inovasi Nasional pada Forum Guru Besar ITB. KRT (Kementrian Ristek) (2001) Indikator dan Analisis Sistem Inovasi Nasional (2001), Laporan Teknis, Proyek kerjasama PAPPIPTEK-LIPI dengan Kementrian Riset dan Teknologi. Leydesdorff, L. Etzkowitz, H.   (2001). The Transformation of University-industri-government Relations. Electronic Journal of Sociologi: 5, 4 [http://www.icaap.org/iuicode?1.5.4.1] Pedju, A. M. (2009) Penerapan Konsep Triple Helix dam Strategi Pembangunan yang dipandu Universitas. Artikel Seminar Nasional Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Medan. Prayoto (2008) Peranan Perguruan Tinggi dalam Pengembangan IPTEK. Paper dalam Seminar Nasional Dies Natalis UGM ke 45. Soemarwoto, B. (2012) Triple helix in Indonesia Mission imposible?. The Jakarta Post, Amsterdam: 5 Januari 2012 Tuwo, L. D. (2011) Kajian Visi Indonesia 2020. Artikel BAPPENAS. Ziman, J. (1994), Prometheus Bound: Science in a Dynamic Steady State, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Ziman, J. (1991), Academic Science as a System of Markets, HigherEducationQuarterly, 12, 57-68.

Eve’s Apology Essay -- Literary Analysis, Aemilia Lanyer

Is this an apology or blame? In the beginning, God tells Adam not to eat the forbidden fruit. Adam disobeys God by doing so, but most people put the blame on Eve. In the poem, â€Å"Eve’s Apology,† Eve expresses her feelings toward the entire situation and shows how she is not to blame. She blames Adam for the pain we endure today. Eve eats from the forbidden tree out of curiosity. She wants to share it with Adam, so he can feel like she feels. Eve gives the fruit to Adam out of love, but she does not force him to eat it. Adam has control of his mind, so he disobeys God on his own. â€Å"Do not the thing that goes against thy heart† (Lanyer 424). Aemilia Lanyer, the author of the poem, â€Å"Eve’s Apology,† lived in the mid 1500’s and 1600’s. Living in this time period, had much influence on her writing. She published her landmark book, Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum, the same year that the King James Bible and three of Shakespeare’s plays were published (Wilhelm 424). Lanyer brings out the life of this poem with the poetic devices, irony, and unusual language. To begin, the poem, â€Å"Eve’s Apology,† uses many different poetic devices such as alliteration, assonance, rhyme scheme, and simile. The author uses a great number of alliteration, which is the repetition of constant sounds generally at the beginnings of words. Alliteration can be seen in the words â€Å"what† and â€Å"weakness† in line 3. Some more examples of alliteration throughout the poem are â€Å"subtle serpent’s† (23), â€Å"he had him† (24), and â€Å"with words which† (30). Assonance, the repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds in stressed syllables that end with different consonant sounds, is another poetic device that the author uses greatly. Some examples of assonance are found in lines 10 â€Å" The ‘p... ...g this poem, the author reveals older examples of words and phrases that we do not know or use today. Throughout "Eve's Apology," Layner confidently makes her point of female inequality and female injustice by using poetic devices, while continuing to keep an ironic tone and bring out unusual language. She is clearly trying to prove that woman and men are equal. She suggests that because Adam is a man, thus "stronger" than Eve, he should be held responsible for eating the forbidden fruit rather than the "weaker" Eve. Layner believes that men should not look down upon women as lesser and weaker than themselves; she successfully proves that women deserve an equal status with men. Throughout the poem, Layner makes the point that the reason men have always been condescending to woman is dishonest because men are actually more at fault for the pain we endure today.

KOSOVO PEACE ACCORD :: essays research papers

Kosovo Peace Accord Kosovo is the southern province of Yugoslavia and is spread over an area of approximately 4300 miles; of the two million population, 90% are Muslims and 10% are Serbs. The Muslims had been demanding independence for the past few years but the Yugoslavian President Slobodan Milosovic played the butcher's role by shelling and destroying valleys of the Albanian Muslims. The Serbs, under his orders, committed heinous crimes, which included gang rapes of Muslim women and torturing thousands of Kosovers to death. The world condemmed Serb atrocities but Milosovic was unmoved and continued his brutal behavior. When the situation got worsened, the European Council and the NATO took a serious note of it. NATO threatened Yugoslavia with air strikes if Milosovic did not come to terms. Peace talks were arranged in France and draft of the peace Agreement was prepared. The Kosovo Albanians signed an international peace plan in 1999 but Milosovic did not sign it, and consequently NATO gave March 24, 1999 as the deadline to Milosovic to sign the peace plan failing which Yugoslavia would face NATO air strikes. NATO started its air strike when Milosevic failed to sign the peace accord by March 24, 1999. It bombed civil and military targets all over the Yugoslavia, which included military installations, oil refineries, ammunition stores, airfields, Radio and T.V. Stations etc. These air strikes continued for 79 days till 10 June 1999, but during this period, the Serb atrocities continued, which forced about half the Muslim population (Muslim Albanians) to leave Kosovo and seek refuge in Albania and Macedonia. Apart from supporting NATO, the United Nations also helped the refugees by providing them food and shelter. The NATO strikes inflicted heavy damages upon Yugoslavia, which forced Milosovic to accept the international peace plan. With the acceptance of the peace plan by Belgrade, the 79 days NATO bombing was temporarily suspended on 10 June 1999. Simultaneously the Serb troops were withdrawn, and NATO and Yugoslavia military commanders held talks in Macedonia to implement the peace terms. The Serb troops were replaced by the UN peacekeeping force (KFOR); thus, began the "Operation Joint Guardian" aiming at the return and rehabilitation of Kosovo refugees in Kosovo. It was a huge and challenging task as the province of Kosovo was badly damaged due to the war. The UN Security Council, on 10 June 1999, had adopted the peace plan for Kosovo by 14-0 votes which asked for the replacement of the Serb forces by the 50,000 peace-keeping force (KFOR) in Kosovo.

coaching tips :: essays research papers

The Coaching Tip WHO doesn't want to accomplish more in life? Don't most of us want more time? More money? More love? More satisfaction? Yet, isn't our tendency to go for it rather than simply having it all come to us? A strong personal foundation includes 10 distinct stepping stones which, when linked together, provide a solid yet personalized base on which to build one's life. And, in a world which sometimes appears to be built on quicksand, we all need a personal foundation on which to depend. These 10 stepping stones of a Personal Foundation are: A past which you have fully completed. A life which is based fully on integrity. Needs which have been identified and fully met. Boundaries which are ample and automatic. Standards which bring out your best. An absence of tolerations. Choosing to come from a positive place. A family which nurtures you. A community which develops you. A life fully oriented around your true values. Anyone who is living a meaningful life must have a strong personal foundation so they can afford to look up at the stars instead of down at their feet. Having a strong personal foundation allows a person to fully use their skills and resources, because instead of constantly worrying about the fundamentals of their life, they are free to focus on the task at hand. The process of building a personal foundation also teaches a person how to eliminate and prevent many common problems that are usually thought of as an expected part of life." Where can you go for help in this area? A Master Coach is uniquely trained to help clients strengthen their own foundation, and is a model of how well the process works.

Btec Buisness Level 3 Unit 1

BTEC LEVEL 3 IN BUSINESS UNIT 3: INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING Assignment Brief Tesco’s and Oxfam’s Concepts of marketing- marketing= a social and managerial process by which individual and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Core marketing concepts Markets Exchange transitions & relationships Value satisfaction and quality Products Needs wants and demands B. define aims and objectives Aims: A purpose or intention; a desired outcome Objectives c. Private companies may issue stock and have shareholders.And are invested by individuals. However, their shares do not trade on public exchanges and are not issued through an initial public offering. In general, the shares of these businesses are less liquid and the values are difficult to determine, an example of a private sector is Warburton’s, their aims are to maximise profits or increase value of shares. Public sectors offer shares to the general public, A Public sectors stock can be acquired by anyone and holders are only limited to potentially lose the amount paid for the shares.An example of a public sector would be Tesco’s because they provide a service to the community, another example for Tesco’s being in the public sector is so they can expand internationally, private sectors however would only be able to stay nationally because it s easier to control shares. Tesco’s aims would be to boost the national economy and also to maximise profits. Non profit companies would be charity and sometimes government run organisations. Any money earned must be retained by the organization, and used for its own expenses, operations, and programs.An example of a non profit sector would be Oxfam because they use the money invested in their organisation to help people suffering poverty poor housing in third world countries globally and to invest also using the money to use on their expenses programs etc. Their aims are to imp rove poverty and lifestyle in third world countries. Introduce and explain the two businesses you will be investigating. Refer to their business activity i. e. what they do to make their money, their size and history. Refer to task C and state which sector they belong within. Focus upon and explain one product or service provided by each business.D. i will be investigating Tesco’s and Oxfam. Tesco’s is the third most successful retailer in the world, and they sell all general products needed in a household including, food, clothes, furniture, mobile phones etc they also sell luxury items like gaming equipment, broadband etc, Oxfam is one of the biggest charities globally, they sell clothes, books, board games, etc to make money so they can put it into their company so they can cover expenses and support programs, they also accept donations so they can help other third world countries that are suffering from poverty poor housing etc.Tesco’s was founded in 1942; T esco’s was founded in 1919 by jack Cohan in east London. Oxfam belongs to the non profit sector, they provide products that are cheap so they can provide for programs across the world and supply their organisation with important resources. Tesco’s belongs to the public sector and offer basic products and necessities such as food, housing etc. And services like broadband and banking etc. E. tescos: they want to make cheaper prices so they would be able to get a larger quantity of products sold.Oxfam: more of a variety of products to sell, so customers have more of a choice, this will increase the variety of customers. F. organisational objectives are different from marketing objectives . Marketing objectives are giving a time frame in which they should achieve it, organisational objectives are the overall objectives and are the ones that are the most important. g. The marketing objectives can make you get closer to an organizational objective because it might lead to th e same path. For example marketing objectives are like little steps towards organizational objective. h.Tesco’s marketing objectives is to make prices fair for customers and beneficial for Tesco’s, and also expand their business into different companies. Oxfam’s marketing objectives would be to open more Oxfam shops across the u. k, so they can benefit their programs resources etc. i. Tesco’s might expand their brand into different retailers so it’ll gain more popularity and might even be a leading bran in food clothes etc ii. Oxfam might open stores internationally so will lead to make more money so they can use it so they can run more charitable programs and lead to improve poverty, housing in third world countries around the world. . Explain and justify which of these your business may use when marketing their product or service (one of the businesses products/services you have explained within task d). j. if Tesco’s was marketing a certa in food product Tesco’s would use a marketing technique for example Tesco’s would advertise the product on wallpaper, leaflets ,TV etc also they would put special offers on the product e. g. 2 for the price of one k. Identify and describe the limitations and constraints upon marketing activities.For example if Tesco’s was making a new product and they were given a limited amount of money to invest in this product, this would limit how advanced this product and how useful this product would end up to be. A constraint for tescos would be the price war, all supermarkets, retailers etc want the best prices for their customers and the best prices for customers means more profit for themselves, this would subdued customers to shop at Tesco’s more than other retailers tacos is always making cuts and budgets to make low prices for customers its is a constant restraint for Tesco’s L.For each limitation and constraint explain how this may affect the marketin g operations of your two chosen businesses. The operations wouldn’t run as smoothly because you are not making enough profit to achieve those operations. The price war will affect their special offers new programs because they would have to cut those in making a better price for customers, prices are one of the top priorities for a retailer. m. Produce a comparison table stating and explaining in detail the similarities and differences between the chosen product/service of each organisation across a range of market techniques. Similarities | Differences | | |

Old Wise Men Essay

Do all old men truly possess wisdom because they can see their death on the horizon? Wisdom is a valued trait in our society today. In both King Lear by William Shakespeare and Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom, the main characters were able to acquire wisdom after undergoing trials and tribulations. However, both of these men began their quest as completely different people. Morrie always emphasized the value of family and of love, while King Lear saw these qualities that could be used to boot his ego. Morrie was disappointed by the way things were in society, while King Lear did not care much about it and accepted it the way it was. Morrie viewed death as a natural thing and an ideal way to live, while King Lear still wanted to live life as a King despite giving and dividing his land between his daughters. Regardless of being very different character wise and beliefs, both King Lear and Morrie came to achieve wisdom by experiencing the fact of life; otherwise known as death. Both of these men differed in their values when it came to the life concept. Morrie believed that it was better to perish than to live a life without love, where he quoted â€Å"If you don’t have the support and love  and caring and concern that you get from a family, you don’t have much at all. Love is so supremely important. As our great poet Auden spoke â€Å"Love each other or perish†Ã¢â‚¬ (Albom 91). This quote shows Morrie’s view of love and has the opinion that it is better to die than to live a life without love. Although Morrie grew up with little love in his life, this is the reason why he emphasized the importance of love and family to him. Contrarily, King Lear believed that family only existed to serve his needs. â€Å"Tell me, my daughters, since now we will divest us both of rule, interest of territory, cares of state which of you shall we say doth love us most that we out  largest bounty may extend where nature doth with merit challenge?† (I.I.47-53). This quote illustrates King Lear’s feeling towards family. He set against his daughters against each other for his benefit. His love was conditional, even though Cordelia was his known favourite between his daughters he warned her. â€Å" How, how, Cordelia? Mend your speech a little, lest you may mar your fortunes.† (I.I.94-95). This quote shows the fact that he believed that love in a family that is one-sided, he should only receive love but should not give any. On the contrary, Morrie’s love for this family was unconditional and a two-way street. However, Lear realized the value of unconditional love when Cordelia returned despite after disowning and cursing her but he was too late. While Morrie learned the value of love through the lack of having it earlier o in his life, King Lear  would learn it through the death of his daughter. Both cherish family and life more after coming to terms with the concept of death, and realize the trouble of their society. Both King Lear and Morrie Schwartz also had different perspectives on life and society. King Lear accepted the ranking of his society, of course, since he was the peak of the â€Å"great chain of being†. â€Å"All I ask is that you provide me with a hundred knights for my own entourage. I’ll keep only the title of king†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I.I.136-138). This quote depicts King Lear’s view of society and that he comes before the rest of society, depriving 100 knights form society for his benefit. Morrie, on the other hand, was disgusted with how his society was so materialistic. A quote from Tuesdays with Morrie, â€Å"Do you know how they brainwash people? They repeat something over and over again. And that’s what we do in this country. Owning things is good. More money is good. More property is good. More commercialism is good†¦we repeat it and have it repeated to us-over and over until nobody bother to even think other wise† (Albom 124). This quote demonstrates the disgust Morrie has with society and how it constantly promotes materialism rather than important values such as love, which is showed in this quote â€Å"You know how I always interpreted that? These people were so hungry for love that they were accepting substitutes† (Albom 125). This quote shows that Morrie believes that people are  materialistic because of a lack of love within their lives. Furthermore, King Lear realizes the disorder of his society during his hardships. â€Å"Thou rascal beadle, hold thy bloody hand. Why dost thou lash that whore? Strip thine own back Thou hotly lust’st to use her in that kind for which thou whipp’st her. The usurer hangs the cozener. ( IV.VI.152-57). This shows both his disgust of the social customs of his time and how it favors the rich and frowns upon the poor. Lear regrets not being a just king and mistreating the poor people because he was too greedy. He bawled â€Å"Poor naked wretches, whereso’er you are, that bide the pelting of this pitiless storm, how shall your houseless heads and unfed sides, your looped and windowed raggedness, defend you from seasons such as these? Oh, I have ta’en too little care of this!† (III.IV.30-34). Although Morrie was aware of the problems within his society and always fought against them, Lear only came to this conclusion and earn this wisdom through these tribulations. Morrie and Lear had contradicting views of death before they acquired their wisdom. First of all, Lear believed that he would die as a king and even with his old age he believed death was far in the distance, proven in the quote â€Å"All I ask is that you provide me with hundred knights for my own entourage. I’ll keep only the title of king†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I.I.136-138). Lear did not believe in preparing for his death or saying goodbye to loved ones, as he still wanted to live like a king even after diving his kingdom  and wealth. On the contrary, Morrie believed that death should be accepted in life. â€Å"Oh yes, you strip away all that stuff and you focus on the essentials. When you realize you are going o die, you see everything much differently†¦Learn how to die, and you learn how to live†(Albom 83). This quote shows that Morrie though if more people lived as if they were going to die at any moment, then the world could be a more positive place. Morrie was also very optimistic and grateful for his disease and how long he had to say goodbye to everyone he cherished. â€Å"It’s horrible to watch my body wilt away to nothing. But it’s also wonderful because of all the time I get to say  good-bye.† (Albom 57) On the other hand, King Lear was coming to terms with his mortality. When Gloucester asked to kiss his hand he replied â€Å"Let me wipe it first, it smells of mortality.† (IV.VI.125-126). It shows that Lear found his new humbleness and acceptance through death. Morrie and Lear both achieved wisdom by coming to terms with their deaths. King Lear and Morrie Schwartz are very much alike, although they were completely different people before they acquired their wisdom. They were both able to attain insight and satisfaction through difficult hardships and becoming aware of the problems that are in their society. They have learned that if more people are aware of death and live everyday as if they were to die tomorrow, they would have more fulfilling  and satisfying lives. Through acquiring wisdom they realized the importance of their family, and love. They only differed in respect where Lear is filled with regret while Morrie gains a higher appreciation for it. Death is something that we all must accept and Lear and Morrie finally embrace it.

Regional Integration Essay

The Pacific Forum region seeks a region of peace, harmony security, and economic prosperity. The diversity of its peoples seek value, honor in their cultures. The Pacific Region’s objectives include obtaining respect for its governance, sustainable management of its resources and its democratic values. The partnerships with their neighbors, to improve communications and secure a sustainable economy for all are the primary objectives for its members. Established in Bangkok, Thailand on August 8, 1967 the Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) was founded by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. ASEAN is now comprised of 10 members including Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (ASEAN, 2013). An important and landmark agreement that ASEAN entered into was the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement. The region in which the ASEAN- China Free Trade Agreement will reach is about 1. 9 billion people. This agreement will surely test not only the members of ASEAN, but China as well. The region in which the ASEAN- China Free Trade Agreement will reach is about 1. 9 billion people. This agreement will surely test not only the members of ASEAN, but China as well (ASEAN, 2013). Positive Influence of the Asean-China Free Trade Agreement January 10, 2010 marked a ten year negotiation with China, when the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area Agreement became effective. Tariff reductions between China and six ASEAN members Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, will experience more than a 90 percent of products with a drop to near zero in both parties’ tariffs. The agreement was established with the idea that ASEAN countries’ natural resources and China’s large market would both benefit (Shamsi, 2010). Countries like Cambodia and Laos will benefit from the ASEAN-China agreement with zero tariffs on over 7000 goods from China, which will benefit these under developed countries tremendously. Less developed countries especially those with no stock market system will welcome this agreement and benefit greatly (Shamsi, 2010). The ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement is China’s first free trade agreement and the first negotiated agreement ASEAN has been involved in with another country. The importance of this agreement will be seen when ASEAN nations being to use China’s currency Yuan. This can drive China’s Yuan to become a major global trading currency. This agreement is important in the movement for the regional economic environment (Shamsi, 2010). Negative Impact of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement The economic head of ASEAN is Indonesia. The idea of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement is not beneficial to ASEAN countries and should be re-considered. Indonesia has pointed out that the economy of China has recently increased and become powerful in global terms. The exemption from custom duties for Chinese goods ill challenges the local business survival with an influx of less expensive Chinese goods (Shamsi, 2010). Bankruptcy is a real possibility for industrial areas in the small and medium sized zones according to the chairman of the Indonesian Young Entrepreneurs Association. The automotive industry in Malaysia is also wary of this agreement in that the impact on local auto industries could be hit hard. The view from many ASEAN members is that the agreement much more benefits China than the ASEAN countries. China in size alone has a large market for domestic consumption and ability to export on a grander scale than that of ASEAN countries (Shamsi, 2010). The overall feelings in most ASEAN countries are that of mixes feelings, but mostly worry concerning the agreement. The population of China with 1. 3 billion people compared to the 600 million combined of ASEAN region is notable differences in terms of markets. The concept that took ten years to come to light, seems that with the changes seen in the economy of China, that the agreement still has the same fruitful benefits initially anticipated (Shamsi, 2010).