Knowing and Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Influencing Consumer Behavior the changing image of fast food

Presentation Fast-Food suppliers are growing new methodologies to enter more market. Instances of such procedures incorporate difference in menu, renovating and overhauling of premises, just to specify however a couple. This work features the ongoing systems made by Burger King and McDonald Fast, just as how they control the discernment, demeanor, inspiration, and character of customers.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Influencing Consumer Behavior: the changing picture of ‘fast food’ explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Burger King’s Strategy Knowing the flavors of their clients, cafés that give quick nourishments have contrived advertising methodologies that will empower them address the issues of their clients. While different cafés are driving the flexibly of suppers that cook for wellbeing and wellness of their customers, Burger King is starting a pattern that is new. It is driving in furnishing its customers with din ners whose flavor is contained fat and salt. Then again, the media and customer support bunches are coordinating weight towards McDonald. In light of this analysis, McDonald is giving its customers wellbeing menu contributions that are progressively energizing. Further more, those customers who need their waistlines cut are having their requirements being met by different cafés that are working together with associations, for example, weight watchers. Notwithstanding, rather than surrendering to such weight, Burger Kings has pushed forward to discover the sort of clients who eats from its outlets and their definite needs with an expectation of guaranteeing that they are served suitably (Kurtz, McKenzie and Snow, 2009, p. 156). Albeit a decision of both the spot of eating and what somebody ought to eat may not seem, by all accounts, to be a serious deal, it involves a few elements. A portion of the elements that customers might be affected with incorporate the cost, what their loved ones state, where the café is found, the length the supper takes, and by how the buyers see the eatery and its dinners. Burger King had attempted to offer low fat menu to its clients on expectation that it was what they required. In any case, the course must be changed totally. A review in promoting uncovered that 49% of Burger Kings customers were a piece of the 18% populace who had been recognized as standard cheap food eaters. As per the organization administrators, 18 †34 matured men are incredible avid supporters. They have been named Super Fans. They don't just favor there suppers to join sauces and meat, however they likewise lean toward it to be served in enormous portions.Advertising Looking for evaluation on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, in an offer to tailor-make an item that suits their requirements, Burger King has thought of another sandwich omelet. The new sandw ich omelet is appropriate for people who might like to start their day with a healthy breakfast and has seen an improvement of the company’s breakfast deals by about 20% (Kurtz, McKenzie and Snow, 2009, p. 156). Amazing Advertising Besides the new menu things whose target is the Super Fan showcase, another limited time methodology has been attempted by Burger Kings to guarantee that its items arrive at this market. The organization had purposed to have a limited time spending that was littler than that of its adversaries. This made it to channel its assets to youngsters. What followed was a succession of advancements that were completed with a disposition. Two adverts were then completed which empowered Burger Kings to have a 18% expansion in its business volume in contrast with McDonald that enlisted an expansion 7% lower than that of Burger Kings. Since the new limited time technique was working significantly, Burger Kings continued with another arrangement of adverts throu gh the TV and the site. In one of the TV adverts, a youngster was seen bouncing up while keeping up that he was a man. He could then continue to the Burger King and have a meaty sandwich. While doing this he could declare that he was too irate that he was unable to agree to food implied for chicks (Kurtz, McKenzie and Snow, 2009, p. 156). An elective implies that the organization has used to enter to the market of the Super Fans (youngsters) has been setting the advertisements on the portable sites, for example, the CBS Sports line where an enormous number of individuals who fit the Super Fan profile are reached. Regardless of ventured up reactions from different nourishment based gatherings, customers like what Burger Kings serves them. Moreover, Burger Kings has had the option to single out who its customers are, their favored suppers and how to acquire the data from them (Kurtz, McKenzie and Snow, 2009, p. 156). Rebuild of Restaurants Burger Kings is the principle contender to Mc Donald’s (Campbell, 1979, p. 51; Haig, 2006, p. 94). These involve red fire crystal fixtures that pivot, incredible TV screens and dividers of block. The move was intended to give Burger Kings the sentiment of an upscale café. The move was additionally expected to cost Franchisees who run a more noteworthy bit of Burger King’s business.Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on Influencing Consumer Behavior: the changing picture of ‘fast food’ explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It might take the organization quite a long while for the arrangement to be embraced in the entirety of its areas. There has been a move in deals for both the cafés that have been redesigned and those that were torn and have been totally reconstructed. Be that as it may, the last have enrolled a more prominent improvement in deals than the previous. The organization has plans to make every single new eatery be fabricated dependent on the arrangemen t. Eyewitnesses have just noticed that the new redesign may offer more to the Burger Kings’ youngsters who are increasingly faithful to the organization. In spite of the fact that pass through and do orders structure a more noteworthy level of the quick †food restaurants’ business, inside redesigning causes them to have the option to rival their plunk down partners who pull in more clients because of their alluring vibe and quality suppers. This may likewise empower Burger Kings have the option to exceed its most prominent rival, McDonald and different opponents who have started remembering burgers for their menu in order to increase an offer from the consistently developing burger advertise (Royle, 2000, p. 26). Albeit the vast majority of these progressions are inside the cafés, Burger Kings has plans to change the outsides additionally with both metal overhangs and incredible publicizing signs. Also, the organization is modifying its menu by adding cheeseburge r to its menu in the United States. This is separated from its choices to present vitality cutting grill broilers. More menu things are to be turned out in future (Heher, 2010). Burger King’s plan on Beer The plans by Burger King’s to present mixed refreshments came when there were reports that deals from the café business had declined. The offer of Burger King’s lager is to be done through whooper bars. The company’s move to taste the offer of mixed drinks is definitely not another. This is on the grounds that during the prior year, other than selling espresso and tea, Starbucks was motivated to present provincial lager and wine. On the hand Spain’s Burger King has been selling lager (Harriman, 2007, p. 56).Advertising Searching for evaluation on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More By propelling into the field of quick eating, Burger King is focusing on the number of inhabitants in individuals matured 30 years and beneath since, the industry’s development is for the most part reliant on this. Nonetheless, pundits state that the move could be dubious since a great many people comprehend Burger King to be a Fast-Foods vendor (Horovitz, 2010). Notwithstanding, expert Burger King’s individuals express that the transition to present the brew is ideal since given the company’s client is developing old, Burger King is developing with the client. All the more along these lines, the company’s challenge lies in preparing new staff to sell alcohol.Already, Germany, Venezuela and Singapore Burger Kings sell brew. There has yet been no announced improvement in deals due to the company’s move. Furthermore, Burger Kings intends to convey every one of its things with a special case of brew (Horovitz, 2010). Despite the fact that the presentat ion of another item is step in the Category Management Process, its acknowledgment is as yet incomplete. Most makers despite everything have an attention on presentation of new items and this is probably going to go on in future. This is on the grounds that the customers’ acknowledgment of the new item decides the achievement or disappointment of the item presented (Kracklauer, Mills and Seifert, 2004, p. 166). Burger King’s presentation of brew in the United States might be roused by the way that since the clients in Singapore, Germany, and Venezuela use it, the clients in the United States will too acknowledge its presentation. Makers will subsequently stay stressed of helping out retailers on presentations of new item since this could make their opponents mindful and thus limit their upper hand. McDonald’s Strategy The Manhattan McDonald café has been remodeled to take after the type of those in the United Kingdom and France. The café has places where works tations can be situated and the upholstered vinyl seats have supplanted Fiberglass situates that used to be fixed to the floor. Also, the lighting is quelled and all representatives appear to propose a hip boutique from their dark regalia (The Associated Press, 2009). What makes the eatery look remarkable from all others McDonald’s is its wonderful and parlor like appearance. The new look of the café focuses on the youngsters and is intended to cause them to get loose over a paper and not feel hurried when in. McDonald’s representative declared

Discrimination in hispanic business Research Paper - 1

Segregation in hispanic business - Research Paper Example Most of the Hispanic entrepreneurs underline that representatives in their organizations are missing of the executives abilities. There is no fundamental wellspring of financing coordinated on representatives abilities advancement. From one perspective, it is fairly successful to advance Hispanic business in the event of workers are of Hispanic beginning, in light of the fact that regularly non-Hispanics are not recruited as a significant piece of representatives. Hispanic entrepreneurs are kept from private and open market alternatives. An extraordinary number of respondents concur upon the way that the legislature doesn't give them an equivalent open door for business improvement and advancement. There are numerous cases, when Hispanic entrepreneurs were persecuted and separated. One of the primary models is the accompanying: Latino entrepreneurs in Queens have grumbled that they feel oppressed by Community Board 3 when they apply for licenses to sell liquor (Medina, 2012). There is a reasonable dismissal in permit as a result of entrepreneurs Hispanic cause. Palagauchi blames government for racial preferences. He underlines that Hispanic entrepreneurs know English and they can be acceptable authorities, yet they can discover no assistance. The administration stays quiet. Other businesspeople of Hispanic inception underlined that an unfriendly mind-set, a forceful conduct, all out bias and misuse were experienced by them during the time spent reports gathering and applying for liquor exchange permit. All the time individuals in various business fields are grumbling about a remorseless demeanor. It is important to present new points of view and the new floods of outsiders of Hispanic starting point to America are additionally anticipating finding better approaches for individual acknowledgment of business objectives. From one viewpoint, America is a major nation and there are a wide range of alternatives for acknowledgment of objectives of these individuals. In actuality, ethnic minorities are presented to

Strategies and Concepts in Research Design

Techniques and Concepts in Research Design Part 3 METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN As indicated by Saunders et al (2005), structure of an examination can be exploratory, illustrative or elucidating in nature. The shade of the exploration chose by its points and targets sets out the plan or outline of the examination. Undoubtedly, it attempts to absorb new perspectives with the topic or subject subsequently assessing a situation from the viewpoint of development. As saw by Saunders et al (2005), an exploratory research perceives and assesses an exploratory issue that is in accordance with the examination procedure extricated from the scrutiny of the writing or scholarly works and arrangement of essential information. The advantage of completing an exploratory research is that it very well may be corrected according to the requirements. The analyst appreciates the opportunity to guide the exploration toward any path at any period of it. Simultaneously, an illustrative research attempts to show the genuine condition of an occasion or procedure. As confirmed by Saunder s et al. (2005), this kind of research can be indicated at later portion of analytical examination, where a clear image of the event or situation is required before pushing ahead in the investigation. Most definitely, as indicated by Saunders et al (2005), it puts forth attempts to assess linkage in the middle of parameters. An exploration of this sort incorporates an exact course taking into see the tests attempted by methods for numerical procedures. Choosing about the plan of an exploration extensively relies upon the idea of the examination which is dictated by the points and destinations of the examination. For this exploration, the point was to examine the client relationship the executives of State Bank of India and its upper hand. The exploration was to accomplish following targets: to survey degree calculated models and hypothetical system identified with relationship showcasing; to distinguish how relationship promoting could be utilized as a key instrument for upper hand; and to suggest key structures for relationship advertising. This examination for the most part required investigation with respect to the connection between client relationship the executives and upper hand corresponding to State Bank of India. Hence, the plan of this examination was characterized as exploratory. RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY The way of thinking of an examination can be positivism or interpretivism ( Zikmund, , 2000). Positivism reasoning depends on the conviction that reality of life liberated from a specific onlooker, and that validness is isolated from a man who examines it. Then again interpretivism depends on the conviction that fact is concocted or endured under the oversight of spectators and authenticity, not relative detached from the individuals who study it. With these key convictions, positivism, relies upon the trials and basis for deciding (Esterby-Smith, 2002). Interpretivism relies upon individual meetings and perceptions to outline claimed truth. In positivism, the hypothesis endeavors to divine standards and laws that clarify, explain, foresee and control results. Positivism look into depends on the perspective, which affirms the solitary substantiates realities are the logical data that can be effectively gotten by holding fast carefully to the logical strategy. In positivist science, a hypothesis is a gadget utilized as a theory, the structure of the test (Zikmund, 2000). On the in spite of positivism, interpretivism identify with a phenomenological worldview, contending that the world is abstract (Esterby-Smith, 2002). Interpretivism look into appends significance to the importance and attempting to comprehend what's going on and this is probably going to contend that the rich comprehension of this composite, the world loses if the unpredictability of the social world is totally decreased to a progression of laws, for example, improvements. This exploration had nothing to do with the logical research or receiving positivism theory. In progressively clear words, this exploration was neither dependent on speculations testing nor dependent on analyzing hypotheses. Thusly, absolutely the way of thinking of this examination was interpretivism, where the analyst needed to uncover emotional data with respect to the picked inquire about subject-client relationship the board of State Bank of India and its upper hand. Embracing interpretivism reasoning in this examination, right off the bat writing audit was directed and from that point direct information was gathered moving toward target test from different banks in India and especially from State Bank of India. RESEARCH APPROACH The methodology of an exploration can be deductive or inductive (Easterby-Smith, 2002). Deductive research is a methodology examining from the general to the exact. Each so oftentimes, this calmly terms as top-down the methodology (Easterby-Smith, 2002). Here we can start further to think upward on a hypothesis comparative with our subject of an examination. We at that point restricted that down into the exact of suspicion that we can analyze. We decrease descending yet we move while we accumulate perceptions to be available on to the presumptions (Denscombe, 2003). This is last it conducts us to be to ably look at suppositions with exact information, certification or release of our innovative speculations. Inductive research is a methodology based with configuration examines another street, moving from the exact perceptions to the more broad speculations and the hypotheses. Coolly, these are term as way to deal with the base is raised raise upward (Easterby-Smith, 2002). In the indu ctive methodology, we start further with the exact perceptions and the estimations; start to additionally uncover pictures and regularities make some starter suspicions which we can examine, and afterward we end upward on to protract some broad ends. An exploration dependent on interpretivism reasoning is recommended to direct having inductive research approach. Along these lines, this examination was led receiving inductive research approach. As per the standards of inductive research approach, an examination procedure was followed beginning from base and coming to top. In increasingly clear words, right off the bat look into issues were distinguished surveying the writing and in this manner explicit information was gathered moving toward the objective example so as to make ends. RESEARCH METHOD Throughout the long periods of speculative bases and hypothetical establishments and perspectives, in accordance with investigations in some other area, business and the board examine has experienced changes. In real sense, investigation is a movement that people start in order to find something in an efficient manner, accordingly upgrading their mindfulness (Saunders et al, 2003). An examination isn't an examination in evident sense and won't yield anything expected on the off chance that it isn't embraced in a taught manner, in other words, it needs to have an obvious point and information accumulation ought to be performed close by understanding without which it can't be called an investigation. The investigation gives an understanding into the linkage between the appropriate area of investigation and members and desire at differed space of time degree. The agents utilize methods and apparatuses affirmed by the scholarly compositions as far as on - paper or verbal work assessments , aptitudes, the utilization of significant thoughts, part concerns and investigation rehearses connected. Quantitative and subjective can be the two sorts of the strategies utilized with the end goal of investigation. The further conversation features the purposes of differentiation between these two types of the board examine devices in the light of the scholarly compositions. The subjective procedure or strategy is utilized in the area of sociologies to investigate social and get-togethers. The subjective apparatuses are then placed into the classifications of activity investigation, member experience and ethnography examining. The roads of subjective information are meetings and polls, contextual analyses, center gathering perception, records and works, member experience, and the travelers recognitions and reactions. In the event of this sort of examination, there might be contrasts in the comprehension of various social and social qualities; as a rule information assessment varies with the specialists (Saunders et al, 2003). The subjective instruments of investigations have the benef its of gathering fine, affirmed information relating to human viewpoints and issues, considering the various parameters that may have heading on the reactions. Simultaneously, this worldview additionally has a demerit_ it requires some investment and is difficult. Prior, the quantitative method was utilized to investigate the normal occasions in the area of common sciences. The information incorporated during the quantitative research are quantifiable, dependable, and can be typically universalized to a greater piece of crowd (Saunders et al, 2003). Carelessness of various parts of compelling examination is the most watched fault of quantitative research. The quantitative research incorporates the procedures like reviews, econometrics, examining, lab tests and various measurable information testing apparatuses. The quantitative research gives an expansive space of research. With the end goal of the current research, both subjective and quantitative techniques have been utilized. Subjective technique was utilized with the end goal of the writing survey and quantitative methodology was utilized to assemble direct or essential information on the perceived investigation themes by methods for writing read-through. Information COLLECTION Essential and optional are the two methods of information accumulation (Saunders et al., 2005). Considering research sketch and expectation, both essential and auxiliary methods of information gathering was utilized with the end goal of the current research. Auxiliary Data The accumulation of auxiliary information is done from the optional roads that are extricated from in-print or unpublished sources (Parasuraman

Why Do Young People Commit Murder

Why Do Young People Commit Murder Basics Print Why Do Young People Commit Murder? By Leonard Holmes Updated on January 15, 2020 Tetra Images / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Increasingly in recent years Americans and others around the world have been faced with what appear to be senseless mass murders. Often, both the victims and perpetrators of such murders are teenagers. Why would high school students murder their classmates and teachers? What do such events say about our society? Factors That Increase the Likelihood of Someone Committing Murder Even before the April 1999 events at Columbine High School, the American Psychological Association (APA) and MTV had joined forces to develop a campaign to stop youth violence. The APA Website includes materials developed from this campaign. Drawing from this material and other sources, here are some factors that contribute to the current climate of violence. Availability of Guns in the U.S.: The United States has some of the most liberal gun laws in the world. While events like this have happened in other countries, only in America are the weapons easily available in quantity.Availability of Information on Explosives on the Internet: The Internet allows information to come into our living rooms that was once very difficult to obtain. We have always been able to go to the library and find some of this material. Today, volumes of it are available in your home at the touch of a button. Some of the Online material is more detailed than anything youd find at the library.Breakdown of the Nuclear Family: Rising divorce rates and the blending of families make it more difficult for children to have good role models for conflict resolution.  Children learn from what they see, not what they hear.Violence on Television and in Movies: How many murders have you witnessed this week? If youve watched more than a few hours of television you have probably seen several. Violence adds excitement and increases ratings, but it also demonstrates behaviors that teenagers like to imitate.Absence of a Moral Compass: In past generations the church and synagogue were important influences on children and youth.  Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts included moral values at the core of their teaching.  While these influences are still here, they are not a part of the lives of many teens.Women Joining Men in the Workforce: With both parents working in most families children have a much greater amount of unsupervised time than in the past. While most latchkey teenagers do not build bombs, decreased parental involvement and supervision is one thing that allows things like this to happen.Breakdown of Neighborhoods and Communities: When I grew up we knew almost everyone on our street. It seemed like there was much more time for leisure activities and socializing. Today I know some of my neighbors, and I wave to others that I dont know. Then I retreat to my ow n house and yard to relax and unwind. Teenagers who feel connected with others in their community are less likely to act out their anger in destructive ways.Natural Tendency for Teens to Form Groups and Cliques: Most of us remember the pecking order in high school and Columbine High School sounds typical. The jocks were popular because of their celebrity on the playing field, and some students were teased for being on the fringe. The outcast teens of my day were the nerds in the audiovisual club and the students who dressed funny and did drugs. There was racial tension in my high school, but the tension between the different groups rarely erupted into violence. When it did fists were the weapon of choice.Healthy Teen Rebellion Getting out of Hand: One of the developmental tasks of the teenage years is to become your own person, partly through rebellion against your parents.    As a parent it is often difficult to know when this rebellion is normal and when it has gotten out-of-hand.  Keep the lines of communication open with your teenager.  Consider family therapy if communication stops entirely during this period. What Can Be Done to Curb Violence Perpetrated by Young People? Obviously some of these factors are easier to influence than others.    Most families with two incomes need both of those incomes.  Teens will always form cliques and they will always rebel.  One of the most important things that you, as a parent, can do is to talk with your teenager.  Avoid lecturing, and be sure to listen to them at least as much as you talk.   Younger children should be encouraged to be involved in organizations that aim to develop a sense of right and wrong.  Avoid leaving children or teens unsupervised for long periods of time every day.  Supervise their Internet access and continue to involve them in family activities and family vacations. Other solutions may take more than just parents.  Communities can increase their offerings of recreational activities. Empty school buildings can be used to offer evening and weekend events.  Churches can re-think their youth programs and offer activities that are interesting and meaningful to teenagers.

Trauma and Stress †Related Disorder & Disruptive - 550 Words

Related Disorder & Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders DB4 (Essay Sample) Content: Trauma and Stress Related Disorder Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders DB4Name of StudentInstitution AffiliationIntroductionTrauma and stress-related disorders can be defined as those disorders that mostly occur due to exposure to traumatic and stress related situations. Those who suffer from such conditions experience closely related symptoms. The common characteristic of these disorders is that they are associated with the inability to experience pleasure. In fact, almost all of them exhibit imbalanced emotional state, uneasiness, depression, aggression dissociation among much more. These disorders include; reactive attachment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorders and disinhibited engagement disorder (Yehuda, 2002).Post-traumatic stress disorder is experienced when a person has been exposed to the shocking or generally scary and dangerous situation. The situation may include; terrible accident, the death of a loved one, assault s such as rape to mention but a few (Keane et.al, 2008). Those who suffer from the disorder experience; upsetting flashbacks, thoughts of the bad experiences and they may dream about the same ordeals. This disorder is common among the people who are prone to terrible occurrences in their lives.I watched a victim associated with the same disorder narrate her problem to a psychologist. She said that her problem started when she was seven years old when her mum was run over by a truck which had lost control. She was with her but managed to run to safety. From that fateful day, she developed what we can term as a post-traumatic disorder. She went on to say that since that ordeal the picture of her mums crushed body keeps coming to her mind when she sees a truck.The condition has really affected her social life. Whenever she has a flashback of the ordeal she would get distressed and every stops working. This has affected her social life. She can no longer accompany her friend to social e ffects because of the condition. She went on to add that her friends have abandoned. Her father comes late and he is always too tired to even talk to her and therefore she feels alone. To her, sorrow and grief are part of her life. She was in need of urgent help.The main remedy to this disorder is counselling. The one suffering from the disorder needs moral support. The patient needs to know that at least there is someone who cares and understands her situation. The patient should be provided with counsel on how to do away with the unpleasant experiences and instead concentrate on the positive aspects of their lives. Special techniques can also be used to deal with emotional imbalances. Group therapy can also be helpful. Group therapy will assure the patient that he or she is not alone. This can help deal with her emotional distress. In addition, the patients can also be advised to avoid the situations that make them recall the bad experiences (Bisson, 2007).In most cases, patients who suffer from the same are reluctant to seek medical attention. Some of them assume that it is normal to experience the aforementioned symptoms once they have experienced scary events. This, in turn, affects their normal life in s...

The Major Religions of Ancient India

The Analysis Of The Deepwater Horizon Study Group

BP leadership along with partners did not have proper governance and process to evaluate the risk that they are willing to take. The employee at every level does not know how much risk to take nor did any corporate policy exist to guide them. Having zero risk tolerance and zero safety defects in these complex operations ensure there are no human losses. The analysis of the Deepwater Horizon Study Group (2011) (p.11) shows that the leadership was concerned about how much money was spent in excess and did not address previous violations or preventive steps. Instead of downplaying, BP could have accessed the situation, analyzed, and communicated just before and after the explosions from an organizational behavior perspective. Communication is an important tool and basic needs of any organization to effectively discuss or write to their employees, clients, external vendors, and the government to govern internal process and enhance its customer experiences. Communication Employees communicate with each other for effectively carrying out corporate responsibilities. As Robbins and Judge (2014) explains employee shares and conveys ideas and information through communication using four of its major functions such as â€Å"control, motivation, emotional expression and information† (p. 299). The offshore oil-drilling job is complex and needs engineering expertise. BP had undertaken deep-water oil drilling at the Macondo well using the Transocean offshore oil rig. It is expected that BP andShow MoreRelatedThe Deepwater Horizon Mobile Offshore Wells Exploratory Platforms1537 Words   |  7 PagesA detonation on the Deepwater Horizon mobile offshore wells-exploratory platforms unit near the Gulf of Mexico, operated by British Petroleum, on April 20, 2010, or known as BP oil spill. The BP oil catastrophe ignited due to high-pressure methane gas by drilling a deep exploratory at Macondo well, reported by Up Stream Online news. The Gulf of Mexico oil sp ill still outlasts as a great size accidental marine oil spill in the records of the petroleum industry. The date, report details, and locationRead MoreBp Oil Spill : Business Law1601 Words   |  7 PagesBP hundreds of thousands of dollars. BP’s goal was to have the ability of capping this specific drilling site for further oil extraction with the least amount of expense and no time to waste (Kurtz, R. S. (2013). Oil Spill Causation and the Deepwater Horizon Spill. Review Of Policy Research, 30(4), 366-380. doi:10.1111/ropr.12026). Because of the manner in which it was capped, the safety protocol was followed much less firmly, saving the company millions. The outcome of this lack of safety protocolRead MoreThe Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill2022 Words   |  9 PagesDeepwater Horizon Oil Spill The Context Before the occurrence of the Deepwater Horizon event, BP had already been labelled as having a horrible safety record. A 2009 report by the United States Department of Labour Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Todd Petterson , 2009), indicated that BP had 270 existing fines of a ‘failure to abate’ and 439 ‘wilful violations’ of various safety protocols. At the time of the disaster the regulators of the oil industry in the United States was theRead MoreStrategic And Value Of Operations Management1599 Words   |  7 Pagesis not about limited functions within a company, but rather, it is about expanding its activities in numerous other areas and sectors (e.g. company-wide) in order to meet the needs of the company, customers, shareholders and stakeholders. This case study will briefly explore the importance of managing activities in today’s modern operations, and why it is critical to understand the strategic and value of operations management. We will examine the British Petroleum (BP) oil spill that occurred out inRead MoreBp Csr3693 Words   |  15 PagesStrategic Corporate Social Responsibilities and Law Contents BP Company Info 3 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Event 4 Summary of the Deepwater Horizon Event 5 Stock price before and after Deepwater Horizon 7 Impact on Stakeholders 8 BP’s Oil Spills and Corporate Social Responsibility 9 Inadequate disclosure on the oil spill event 11 Recommendations for BP to get reputation back 13 Conclusion 14 BP Company Info BP is a global oil and gas company headquartered in London, UnitedRead MoreBps Corporate Social Responsibility1416 Words   |  6 PagesBP Case Study Although BP’s extreme profitability has led to their position within the Fortune 500 Index, their Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 and subsequent contamination of the Gulf Coast caused many to question the company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) methods. Although the company utilized numerous reporting standards to report their performance, adverse effects caused by the oil spill exposed weaknesses in the company’s strategies and continue to inflict social and environmentalRead MoreCase Study: BP and the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill3602 Words   |  15 Pages......5 Question 3 ............................................................................................................................................................5 How did BP’s history and culture shape decision-making on the Deepwater Horizon rig? .............................5 How did the political and regulatory environment affect decision-making by BP and its partners? ..............6 Question 4 ................................................................................Read MoreBp—Deepwater Horizon Case Study Ethics1883 Words   |  8 Pages------------------------------------------------- BP—Deepwater Horizon Case Study INT1001 Study Skills Module Reading and Writing Skills—Summative Assignment Done by: Mew Hui Ying ------------------------------------------------- Date: 12 February 2013 ------------------------------------------------- Industry: Oil and Gas ------------------------------------------------- Company: British Petrol Contents Page NoRead MoreBp And The Gulf Of Mexico Oil Spill Case Study3246 Words   |  13 Pages BP and the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Case Study Tamatha French Management 6000 Hawaii Pacific University â€Æ' Introduction and Background On April 20, 2010, the petroleum industry suffered the largest maritime disaster oil spill in its history known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The Deepwater Horizon oil rig that had been working on a well for BP in the Gulf exploded and went up in flames. Subsequently, massive amounts of oil spilled out into the water, threatening the marine life and

The Many Benefits of Medicinal Marijuana Essay - 827 Words

The Many Benefits of Medicinal Marijuana When the religious leaders of Nicholas Copernicus time excommunicated him for his radical studies, they ignorantly dismissed a brilliant idea. The idea that the earth revolved around the sun inherently brought controversy upon the traditional styles of science. A controversy our leaders need to examine is the medical use of marijuana. Instead of banning marijuana and ignoring the public voice, our representatives need to examine the facts and effects of marijuana for medical use. Like Copernicus idea that revolutionized science, changing the way we treat our sick and suffering will benefit our society. The effects of legalizing marijuana for only medical purposes will stop unnecessary legal†¦show more content†¦Marijuana is one of the least toxic substances in the whole pharmacopoeia, according to Dr. Lester Grinspoon, Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. Cancer, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, emphysema, and many others patients could have their quality of life improved with the help of marijuana (Institute of Medical Marijuana). The current state of laws forces desperately ill citizens to find relief on the streets at the risk of being jailed. You never know what potency you are going to get or where it has come from, stated Joyce Turcotte, a former cancer patient who took the advice of her doctor. Her doctor told her to smoke the drug if she has access to it. Currently, the federal government is attacking chronically ill patients for the recommended use of marijuana. McWilliams is currently facing the idea that he might spend the next ten years in jail. The problem arose when he vocalized his means of aquiring the drug. The U.S. attorney in Los Angeles is working on the prosecution right now (National Review). Of all the negative consequences of prohibition, none is as tragic as the denial of medicinal marijuana to the tens of thousands of seriously ill patients who could benefit from its therapeutic use (http://natlmorml.org/medical/index.html). The effects of suppressing and penalizing a treatment drug have and will continue to have negative consequences in our society. The gateway reputation marijuana hasShow MoreRelatedMedicinal Marijuana: Should It Be Legal in All States? Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pageslot of debate on whether or not marijuana should be legal for medicinal purposes in all fifty states. Many people believe that marijuana is an unsuitable substitute for many of the medications we have today. On the other hand, many researchers have conducted extensive studies that have shown how beneficial medicinal marijuana can be. Many states have already picked up on this, and have laws set in place to allow the use of medicinal marijuana. Medicinal marijuana has a wide variety of uses, and shouldRead MoreMedical Marijuana Essay969 Words   |  4 Pages[Medicinal Marijuana] [Heather Bryant] Communication and compostition (COM156) University of Phoenix, Axia College [October 20, 2012] Medicinal Marijuana use in the United States Although many individuals find medical marijuana illegal, and unnecessary, it is a natural herb used to help symptoms caused by chronic illnesses. Over three million Americans use medical marijuana. Medical marijuana is the most widely used drug used to treat chronic illnesses in seventeenRead MoreWhy Not Legalize Marijuana? Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana should be legalized for both recreational and medicinal use because the US economy can reap significant benefits from legalization as well as create an influx of jobs and also to reduce street and gang disputes relating to marijuana. Also, marijuana should be legalized because it has been dealt an unfair hand by society and is justifiably safer than most know it to be. First, marijuana should be legalized in the US for both recreational and medicinal purposes because there is a very substantialRead MoreThe Legalization Of Medicinal Marijuana1382 Words   |  6 Pageslegalisation of medicinal marijuana is a very contro versial topic within Australia. Recently, Victoria took the first steps to legalise medicinal marijuana, referenced in Victorian Government s Access to Medicinal Cannabis Bill 2015 (12th April 2016) and passed by the Victorian Parliament. This is the beginning of â€Å"the process of enabling patients to access medicinal cannabis.† In spite of this forward move, the debate still rages. There are valid and significant stances about whether marijuana shouldRead MoreThe Term Effects Of Marijuana1124 Words   |  5 Pageseffects marijuana has on the human body? Marijuana is now being used more as medicinal and recreational use, and its usage is constantly increasing among many young adults in today’s society. You should know the effects of Marijuana and its medicinal purposes so you can make the choice of whether or not to use it and whether you will use it for medicinal purposes. With extensive scholarly research, today we will be discussing intermediate, long term eff ects and medicinal purposes of marijuana. AccordingRead MoreEssay about Medical Marijuana1525 Words   |  7 PagesMedical Marijuana Marijuana is medicine. It has been used for thousands of years to treat a wide variety of ailments. Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) was legal in the United States for all purposes - industrial and recreational, as well as medicinal until 1937. Today, only eight Americans are legally allowed to use marijuana as medicine. NORML is working to restore marijuanas availability as medicine. Medicinal Value Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically Read MoreDo You Love Me Mary Jane?1636 Words   |  7 PagesKaleka was prescribed medicinal marijuana. When Kaleka was interviewed he stated that the medicinal marijuana works. She feels that it is disappointing that people do not see marijuana as a good option to cure people. In the interview Kaleka said â€Å"Personally I know that medicinal marijuana works. I think its disappointing that people who might really need it, someone whos gone through a tragedy like that, doesnt have access to that option.(Kaleka) Not only did medicinal marijuana treat his illnessesRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1581 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"war on drugs† since the late 1900’s, the legalization of marijuana has been a popular topic within the past couple of years. This topic is very controversial due to the fact that many people are unable to see past the bad rap that cannabis has accumulated over past years. Among the other aspects that have already given marijuana a bad reputation, some people are trying to find more and more reasons to postpone the legalization of marijuana. Since the legalization of cannabis in Colorado, WashingtonRead MoreLegalization of Marjuana637 Words   |  3 PagesMarijuana should be legal because it has several medicinal benefits, does not cause as much harm as alcohol or tobacco, and has been used by several dignitaries. The origins of marijuana date clear back to before recorded history, but the earliest written mention of it was in 1500 B.C. in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, titled the Rh-Ya. Emperor Fu also appears to have mentioned it in 2900 B.C., claiming that cannabis was a very popular medicine that possessed both ying and yang. It’s also mentioned severalRead MoreThe Ban Of Medical Marijuana1090 Words   |  5 Pagesand used medical marijuana to save her life. Her parents had tried almost every medication to try and save her by the time she was two-years-old. Some nights she would get fifty seizures each night. Finally, her parents were able to get her a medical marijuana card in Colorado, and the new medication immediately stopped the seizures (Gummow, 8 Miraculous, para. 4, alternet.org). This is just one example of how unjust the ban of medicinal marijuana is. The ban of medical marijuana is unjust because

Decision-Making in Pluralist, Hierarchical and Consensus...

Decision Making Process . Introduction Robbins (1998: 103) states that decisions are choices made from two or more alternatives. Decisions are made as a reaction to a problem. That is, there is a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state requiring consideration of alternative courses of action. This however requires any person in the position where he/she must make decisions to consider some aspects regarding decision-making. This not only includes relevant information but also the application of knowledge and/or skills to use this information to realize a decision. Decision making and its processes are†¦show more content†¦Such problems deserve special treatment.† Rowe and Boulgarides (1992: 16) on the other hand categorized decisions into three: (1) Routine decisions – involves the carrying out and following of an organizations goal, prescribed policies and/or rules; (2) Creative decisions – whereby new or novel approaches are needed to handle more complex problems; and (3) Negotiated decisions – occurring in situations where conflict in goals or approaches to problem solving need to be resolved by involving participants. Decision-Making Processes in a Hierarchical Political System . Hierarchy, per Encyclopaedia Britannica’s definition, is â€Å"[†¦] a ranking of positions of authority, often associated with a chain of command and control. The term is derived from the Greek words hieros (â€Å"sacred†) and archein (â€Å"rule† or â€Å"order†).† Combining the two words, hierarchy can be termed as â€Å"a sacred rule or order†. A hierarchy tries to place mankind in a class order within a structure order, often defined by laws, customs, rules or conduct or other forms of structuring mechanism. Hierarchies are used to make decisions in rational ways, to avoid confusion, to order people around in a way that operates efficiently, and for other reasons. Hierarchy is as old as human existence on the planet earth.Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Theroy2285 Words   |  10 PagesTopic 4: Power, Resistance and Decision Making Developed by Dr. Ruth Barton Dr. Margaret Heffernan, OAM RMIT University Aims of the lecture Questions of power Hoe power works; 4 faces of power Resistance and control Types of resistance Decision making Theories of decision making; factors that enhance and limit decision making RMIT University ©2012 2 Questions of Power Who has power? How is influence achieved? What is power? 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The acts of their administration may, however, be subject to special judicial controls from which no member of the executive can defend them. Structure of civil service Civil servicesRead MorePower, Politics, And Decision Making2144 Words   |  9 Pagescapacity (to dominate or resist) located in social structures. It demonstrates that power is one of the key things in both society and organisation. This essay aims to evaluate three main perspectives on power, and to indicate how can it be used and distributed in different approaches in modern organisations. Firstly, three major power views will be briefly introduced to display their features. Next, the sources of power, politics, and decision-making will be presented before discussing three main conceptsRead MoreThe Management of Organizational Culture3951 Words   |  16 Pageshelping them to interpret and interact with the world in which they find themselves. Australian ‘mateship’ behaviour, for example, served early male white settlers in a harsh and sparsely populated world much better than the maintenance of the hierarchical class distinctions typical of the world from which the y had come. From such new, adaptive patterns of behaviour arise new beliefs, such as a belief in egalitarianism. These new behaviours, values and beliefs, together with the associated ritualsRead MoreHuman Resource Management, Industrial Relations and Achieving Management Objectives11312 Words   |  46 Pagesemployees are kept at armslength.8 HRM strategies may be influenced by the decisions taken on strategy (the nature of the business currently and in the future) and by the structure of the enterprise (the manner in which the enterprise is structured or organized to meet its objectives)9. 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The factors that necessitate change in organizations are broadly categorized into people, technology, information processing and communication, and competition. Some changes in the organization occur suddenly without the conscious efforts of the people. These are called unplanned changes. On the other hand, some changes are initiated by the management to accomplish certain goalsRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly re levant for understanding

Considering The Present Free Essays

In childhood and throughout our lives we live, we love, and we learn. These learning experiences can be either positive or negative and they can quickly be forgotten or can stay with us forever. Throughout my lifetime I have gone through my fair share of both positive and negative experiences. We will write a custom essay sample on Considering The Present or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is through these experiences that I have become the woman I am today. Two of these positive experiences that I have gone through in the course of my life that have played the largest part in the woman I am today are; the birth of my first son and getting clean and sober. Both of these experiences came with a variety of mixed emotions in the beginning but in the end were very rewarding. I can still remember the day the doctors told me I was pregnant. That immediate sense of fear swallowed me whole and time seemed to stand still. It was not until a couple of months later that I realized there was no changing the situation and that I needed to make the very best of it. Finding out I was pregnant started out as a very scary experience but ultimately was one of the most positive and rewarding experiences I have ever endured. After the fear settled a little bit I was able to really start thinking about my life and what I needed to change. Up until that day at the doctors I was living day by day doing what I needed to do for me and no one else. I had no job, I was living with my parents and my only source of excitement came from the local bar rooms late at night. I knew things needed to change and I set out on a mission to make that change happen. Alone and afraid I was able to swallow my pride and ask my family for help and the guidance to get my life back on track before this baby entered our world. All through my pregnancy I knew I loved my unborn son more than I have ever loved anything in this world. I knew that my life was no longer mine rather it was my son and I’s and that I needed to be the very best parent I could be. Although I was not able to find a real job I was babysitting for other family members and earning my own money. I was able to buy almost everything that was needed for my unborn son all on my own. Two months before I was due to give birth I finally got my own apartment. I was starting to feel like my own person and I was not so scared anymore. Kaidon Douglas Bishop entered this world on July 26th, 2005. It is a day that I will never forget. That immediate feeling of unconditional love overwhelmed me. This little boy had changed my life forever and for the first time in my life I felt like I did something right and I had a reason to live the right way. I chose this experience to discuss first because I believe it has had the most profound impact on my life and the person I am today. Finding out I was pregnant was a huge eye opener and motivator. There has been no other experience in my life that has made me as happy and satisfied as this one. The second experience I have chosen to discuss is my journey through addiction and into sobriety. This is yet another experience that has had a lasting impression on my life. At about the age of 16 I went through some very hard times and rather than deal with all the feelings and emotions that came with those difficulties I turned to drugs to bury those feelings. Things quickly escalated and in only a few short months my life was turned completely upside down. My drug addiction was the only thing in my life that mattered and I did not care about anything except my next high and where it was coming from. The ages of 16 through 21 were by far the worst years of my life. My addiction to opiates was running my life. Throughout the five years of my addiction I did several stints in and out of County jails, State prisons and rehabs. When I was not in one of those places I was homeless, bouncing around from drug house to drug house when I could and sleeping on the streets when I had no other option. My final rock bottom was when my own family had completely shut me out of their lives. It was at this point I knew that something had to change and I needed to get help. I had nothing and nobody and it was a very lonely time for me. I began making phone calls to substance abuse programs all over New York State hoping and praying that somebody would want to help. I was finally accepted into a suboxone program for opiate addiction and once again had someone on my side. Slowly I was able to completely get off from the heroin and pain killers and regain some sense of control. I understand that this sounds like a very negative experience but I have chosen it as one of the more significant experiences in my life because the outcome was so positive and rewarding and to this day affects my everyday life and decisions. Once I was clean and my family saw my progress I was accepted back in to open arms and a boat load of support. I doubt highly I would have ever been able to beat this addiction and get my life back without the help of my family. This experience not only taught me t he value of family but that persistence and working hard to get something you really want does pay off. How to cite Considering The Present, Papers Considering The Present Free Essays Getting my first apartment 3. Having my two beautiful daughters 4. Becoming the Head Cake Decorator on my Job 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Considering The Present or any similar topic only for you Order Now Returning to school Each of these experiences has had an amazing impact on my life in one way or another. Graduating from high school was a big deal for me as well as my family. I was the first of my grandmother’s grandkids to graduate from high school. After graduating from high school I worked hard and paid to rent my first apartment. Having my own space and becoming independent was something I have always wanted because I had to share everything growing up. I have two beautiful daughters whom have changed my life for the best. Before having the girls I was a party animal. They have slowed me down and made me realize what Is Important in life. I have always liked to design things growing up. Becoming a head cake decorator has allowed me to show my creativity and provide for my family, Last, but not least returning back to school to further my education has been a goal that I have always anted to accomplish. Obtaining my degree from Gifford will help me to provide an even better lifestyle for my daughters. When I graduated from high school, I was so proud of myself. I accomplished something that none of my grandmothers grandkids had ever done. Getting my own apartment taught me how to be a strong individual. I worked hard and maintained my own space which some young ladies at the age of 19 couldn’t do. Having my kids was the best thing that ever happened to me. It taught me how to love unconditionally and genuinely. I felt great that I had a home of my own to raise them in. Becoming head cake decorator was a goal that I accomplished that was really unexpected. I was the backup cake decorator. When the head decorator took a higher paying Job she nominated me to take her space which was a great accomplishment. Returning back to school has been one of my biggest dreams and I am overwhelmed with happiness on how well I am doing after being out of school for over ten years. In my first class I finished with a B I great for and proud to be a student at Gifford university. How to cite Considering The Present, Papers

The Dispute Between Biggie and Tupac free essay sample

Many people are aware about the dispute during the meld asss between the West coast and East coast rap stars Outpace Shaker and the Notorious B. I. G. (Jordan, 2011). Taking over the West coast Outpace dominated his side of the map. While the Notorious B. I. G. Aka Biggie was representing the East coast with a new style of Rap that streamed thought the city of New York. Fans from coast to coast have recognized the up coming new rap stars and the talent that they have brought to Hip-Hop. Each side of the coast supported either Biggie or Outpace.With the new style of Gangs Rap hat had been introduce from Outpace and Biggie, the two Rap stars were competing to become the best rap artist of their time. Striving to be the next hop-hop icon, Biggie and Outpace bumped heads one day about a track they had made together. The feud began between these two rap artists, and eventually became bigger than either one of them could ever Imagine (Jordan, 2011). Christopher Wallace was born In Brooklyn, New York, May 21, 1972. He was raised In the poor Brooklyn neighborhood that had violence surrounding it. Dropping out of high school at the age of seventeen, Biggie became a crack dealer when he was only helve, which he proclaimed was his only source of income. Hustling ones way was a common life for a young Black man trying to make a living in the ghetto and put food on the table for his family (Biography Channel 2013). His career choices involved many risks. Biggie took a trip to North Carolina for a routine drug exchange turned out to be Biggies unlucky day. Being the new soon-to-be MAC, Biggie had a nine-month stay behind bars (Biography Channel 2013).Once released, Biggie borrowed a friends four-track tape recorder and produced some hip-hop tracks in a basement. The tapes were then passed around the city and played at local radio station In New York. Christopher Wallace named himself Bulge, for his weight. Biggie was a Black man who was overweight: dark skinned, and had a little crook in his eye, he was a charmer and loving husband to his wife (Notorious B. I. G. Biography). Biggie was a young superstar in the making and was introduced to a producer by the name of Sean Combs.Once Combs heard Baggies early tapes he was mesmeric by his unique style, Puffy went to sign Biggie to his new label Bad Boy Records. This was Biggies first step on becoming one of the best rappers ever to live. Being signed to the top record label and representing Bad Boy Records got Biggie to stand out and allow him to show everyone that he wasnt Just an ordinary rapper from the hood. With all the confidence that had been brought to him, Biggies mind was set to become the best there ever was. Biggie and Sean Combs a. K. A Puffy worked on the artist first album for some time and before he knew It, The Notorious B.I. G. Was born. After falling all of his music on the album he soon released his First album called Ready to Die. After getting numerous hits the first couple of weeks Biggies first productive year Biggie was named MAC of the year at the 1995 Billboard Music Awards (Biography Channel 2013). Once Biggie had stated that he was the best, he then went off to go back to his hometown to see his friends and ran into some trouble with the law multiple times, on charges that ranged from beatings, to drugs and weapons, this was not the step Biggie wanted to head in after being awarded the best MAC of the year (Lindsey, 2011).After all the charges he had to face Biggie soon met an MAC by he name of Outpace Shaker who is sighed to Death Row Records, and the two eventually become good friends. Outpace supported Biggie and was often giving him advice on producing tapes and his unique lyrical flow. However, their friendship took a big turn to the most violent era of hip-hop music on November 30, 1994 (Lindsey, 2011).While Biggie and Puffy were at a recording session at Quad Recording Studios in Manhattan, Outpace went their to record with another MAC for his third studio album, Me Against The World at the same time, but in the lobby, Outpace was held at gunpoint and robbed of $40,000 worth of Jewelry. Outpace was shot five times. Biggie rushed down Just in time to see Outpace being loaded into an ambulance before he could say anything to him Road, 2011). Extending a middle finger while dying, Outpace blamed Biggie for the shooting and said that Biggie knew about it and failed to warn him.Even though Biggie had nothing to do with the shooting, this sparked the East Coast, West Coast rivalry. Outpace later recovered from his injuries of the shooting in Manhattan. During this encounter, Biggie had admitted that he was scared for his life. Biggie never responded or acted to any of Tubas dieses. Outpace attacked Biggie with provocative statements, even starting rumors that there was a love affair between Outpace and Biggies wife Faith Evans (Biography Channel 2013). After the whole dispute the entire country became divided into two hip-hop groups. The West side and the East side.In this case Biggie was signed with Sean Combs to Bad Boy Records and Outpace was signed to Death Row Records with Marion Segue Knight. After Outpace arranged a meeting with Biggie during 1995, Outpace whispered into Biggies ear saying Im Just trying to sell some records. This was a slap in the ace for Biggie and never thought that this would come down to publicity and lies. Unfortunately, On September 7th, 1996, it became very real when Outpace was in Lass Vegas staying at the MGM Grand hotel. After seeing the Mike Tyson boxing match, he was leaving the hotel when he got in a fight inside.Shortly after, Outpace was shoot and murdered in a drive-by shooting in Lass Vegas after he was leaving the Grand hotel (Biography Channel 2013). Outpace was a very strong individual and wouldnt let anything stop him from reaching the top or slowing him down. After Outpace was shot, he was immediately rushed to the hospital. Unfortunately, he fought in the E. R. For six days until god had taken his sole to the angels to let him Rest in Peace. Rumors of Baggies involvement quickly took place and began to spread. A few weeks after Tubas murder, there was an anti-violence convention that was held in Harlem, New York.Biggie was one of the few rappers to not make and appearance at the convention. This was not a good sign for Biggie and it seemed like he didnt care about the convention and for Tubas death. Fingers started to point towards him and Bad Boy Records. Even though Outpace was killed before he could find out who shot owe records were very disturbed about the shooting. Having one of the best West coast rappers pass away before he could reach his full potential took a toll on the West coast. Outpace wasnt Just a rapper; he had a diverse rage in poetry and song writing, not to mention he was also in the acting field as well (Lindsey, 2011).Outpace was a very strong, talented young individual who never stopped trying to become the best that he could be. This was a shock to the whole West coast and his widespread fan base. But Biggie was the one that had to listen and deal with all the controversy about the shooting. Prior to when Outpace was shoot and killed he was with a member from the Www-Tang Clan. They were Just hanging out when both of them were shot and robbed. They both survived the shooing and when Outpace recovered yet again from a shooting he came back with fire in his eyes, accusing Biggie and Sean Combs for setting up the attack on him.Both Biggie and Sean Combs denied the accusations from Death Row Records. Outpace didnt stop there, he continued to add on to the controversy about the shooting and mentioned to the East Coast rap world about the single he had made called Hit Me Up, in which Outpace claimed that had slept with Biggies wife, Faith Evans Road, 2011). With more and more conflicts being brought up, the dispute between Biggie and Outpace had escalated rapidly. Biggie was now knee deep in situation and was frustrated with all the drama being brought to his way and problems that he faced. Biggie was now getting to the point that he was scared for his life. Not knowing when he could be shoot, he knew there were people out to get revenge on him. Since Tubas death, Biggie was now focusing on staying alive and always having a pair of eyes behind his head. With maximum security, the ear of knowing that he could be shoot or killed at any point of time, Biggie made sure to live everyday like it was his last. Both Biggie and Sean Combs now having a target on their backs were laying low and trying to be secluded from as much publicity as possible and the West side critics that accused Biggie and Combs for organizing the shooting on Outpace.Since the convention that Bad Boy Records failed to make an appearance to for anti-violence, This could have been a big reason why Death Row Records and gangs from the West coast wanted to make a hit on Biggie as retaliation for Tubas death and wanted nothing but revenge. Biggies life was at risk and not knowing what could happen to him at any point of time. The only thing more powerful than a premature death is a death foretold. When Notorious BIG closed his second album, sasss Life After Death, with the track Youre Nobody (Till Somebody Kills You), and was promptly murdered Just weeks before its release, hip- hops young icon filled of life and art reached its gruesome end (Lindsey, 2011). Life After Death, won Billboards R and B Album of the Year and MAT Video Music Award for Best Rap Video. This was the uplift that Biggie needed to get past the Drama and Controversy about Tubas death and the shootings prier Tubas death. But top chart placements and platinum records, or even awards cannot measure the albums impact. The stakes were raised, says Www-Tang founder and producer RAZZ. Before Biggie, you might put out anything, now you know, okay, its real out there, you goat come correct, cause this cat (Biggie) is spending time on his sit. Says RAZZ (Notorious B. I. G. Biography). Started from the bottom, to revolving into a hip-hop superstar, Biggie Smalls was a young man who tried to make ends meet at a young n the streets of Brooklyn, New York. Eventually down the road, he ran into some obstacles that almost Jeopardized his career which lead to some time Jail time.But set backs never stopped Biggie from pursuing his passion before he realized that he was going to be a hip-hop legend. With his first album Ready To Die, which told the story of his life, from a drug dealer to rapper. Biggie had two hits form his album, first was Juicy which went gold within weeks and by the end of the year the album was triple platinum and had reached the Billboard Top 5 Rap Single and his second hit Big APIPA reached number one on the Billboard. Biggies first album Ready To Die proceeded to gain popularity throughout 1995, eventually selling over two million copies.With the albums success, Biggie became the most noticeable figure in the hip-hop industry, with his god given talents and realistic style of writing Notorious B. L. G. s multi- platinum Ready to Die made him a superstar (Notorious B. I. G. Biography). On March 9th, 1997, Biggie was attending a party in Los Angels, he had just came out of the Soul Train Music Awards and was getting escorted into his SUB. Shortly after, Biggie and his crew were on the way back to their hotel in Los Angels, another vehicle approached Biggies G. M. C.Suburban in front of the Peterson Automobile Museum and opened fire on the side of the car where Notorious B. I. G. Was sitting (Notorious B. I. G. Biography). He got shot seven times when he was sitting in the passenger seat when a car pulled up and unloaded a semi-automatic weapon. He was rushed to a near by hospital dying as every minute would act like one step closer to heaven. The worldwide hip-hop icon and an inspiration to millions of fans, rappers, and to his loved ones had passed away. The Notorious B. I. G. Was finally at ease; up in heaven with the angles, god had rested his soul in peace.With Biggies death, brought a shock to the hip-hop nation and to the rap industry. His presence and unique style that he had brought to the rap game had influenced many artists and people from coast to coast. With having two of the nations best rappers gone within the same year really took a toll in the hip-hop industry. Both rappers had turned the nations view of hip-hop and had introduced the style of Gangs Rap. Biggies style of rap was more Real Life and would write about his personal life and he struggles that he had to overcome growing up in the ghetto.For Outpace, his style was mostly formed with poetic ambitions and brought a powerful feel to his style and literature. What these two rap artists have brought to hip-hop will never be forgotten and will always have an impact on what todays hip-hop genre and how Biggie and Outpace introduced their own style of rap. This is how hip-hop truly originated its unique styles of rap, and how they influenced rap artists, producers, and up-coming stars that are trying to make it Just like Biggie and Outpace had to do. With all the introverts that took upon the West coast and East coast rivalries between Notorious B.I. G. And Outpace Shaker came to an end. Each side of the coast was no longer in a dispute with each others style of rap and who was the better rapper. Both Biggie and Outpace had earned their respect threw the songs that were produced and the stories behind the lyrics. Before Biggie had been shot and killed, he took a visit to the West coast to perform and show respect throughout hip-hop and Outpace Shaker. This was the ending of the two rivalries and territorial wars that originated from the two icons that made hip-hop into what it is today.The deaths upon Biggie and Outpace have still two murders that are still unsolved, the controversy of drama that the history of hip- hop has seen and experienced when Biggie and Outpace were murdered will never be forgotten and will always be remember as the two best hip-hop legends to enter the rap game. The dispute between the Notorious B. I. G. And Outpace Shaker eventually had been settled but sadly took Outpace Shakers life first. A legend that had inspiration to the hip-hop industry, a mentor to various artists around the coast, unfortunately he was unable to reach his full potential as an artist. As for the Notorious B.I. G. Aka Biggie Smalls, was fortunate enough to finalize his up-coming new album. A twenty-four song, double disc collection that ended up being one of the best albums ever produced. Once the new album had been released Life After Death Baggies life abruptly ended weeks after releasing his album. Once Life After Death had been released before Notorious B. L. G. s death, Biggie was established as one of the greatest rapper ever (Notorious B. I. G. Biography). Without having the two most dominant rap icons in the hip-hop industry, left a bitter silence for hip-hop and he fans across the nation. Having both Outpace and Biggie die within months of each other, the battles were over and the dispute between one another had ended. During this era of hip-hop, two rappers by the name of the Notorious B. I. G. And Outpace Shaker, both had their own unique style of rap. Outpace was more of a poetic type of composer, while Biggie had gangs credentials and street knowledge. Biggie would incorporate his lifestyle from the ghetto and composed his stories into lyrics that inspired fans around the nation and many rap artists. Between the West Coast andEast Coast rivalry, the controversy with Biggie and Outpace wasnt Just a battle for respect and credit to who was a better artist. Jealously took over, both running into trust issues with one another which eventually exploded into hatred and rivalry. With many conspiracy theories that are still filled with unanswered questions, the killings of Outpace and Notorious have still yet to discover who murdered them. With this all being said the dispute between one another had eventually faded away, leaving many fans confused and upset about to two rap icons gone. Who was to be blamed for the killings?

Theatre Research Paper Sample Essay Example

Theatre Research Paper Sample Essay Introduction Traditionally, a theatre has always played an essential role in the life of human society. It was one of the most popular arts, and it remains quite favorite for many people in different countries, regardless a tremendous technological progress the humankind has made in recent years that seemed to put the theatre under a threat of gradual degradation. Nevertheless, the theatre as an art is still popular and keeps progressing in many countries of the world. In this respect, it is particularly important that the theatre keeps progressing in the UK, the motherland of one of the most outstanding play writers of the world and undoubtedly the best English speaking play writers, William Shakespeare. It is particularly noteworthy that the theatre has been recognized as a national treasure of the United Kingdom that found its reflection in the creation of the Royal National Theatre of London, one of the most important cultural institutions of the kingdom and probably of Europe and even the world. In fact, it is very important that the theatre has received the status of the Royal National Theatre because it underlines its significance for the whole nation. This is why it is necessary to trace the history of creation and development of the Royal National Theatre and its current position, perspectives, and the role of British society. The history of the creation of the Royal National Theatre Speaking about the Royal National Theatre of London, it is primarily necessary to dwell upon the history of its creation because it is very important to realize what was the reason for the creation of the theatre and what was the initial goal of its creators. This will obviously provide ample opportunities for better understanding the nature and the role of the theatre for British society. We will write a custom essay sample on Theatre Research Paper Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Theatre Research Paper Sample specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Theatre Research Paper Sample specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this respect, it should be said that physically the Royal National Theatre is a relatively new formation because of its historical accounts a bit more than forty years since the date of its foundation. It should be pointed out that the idea of the creation of the Royal National Theatre was not new and it appeared not fort but much more years ago. In fact, it is estimated that the idea of the creation of the National Theatre originates from late 19the century, but it is hardly possible to define a precise date when this idea had been shaped and had got started to develop. Nonetheless, it is possible to refer to William Archer and H. Granville Barker who in the early 20th century, to put it more precisely in 1904, in their Preface to a National Theatre underlined that â€Å"†¦ the National Theatre must be its advertisement – must impose itself on public notice, not by posters and column advertisements in the newspapers, but by the very fact of its ample, dignified, and liberal existence† (1907). They defined its basic goals as follows: â€Å"It must bulk large in the social and intellectual life of London†¦ It must not even have an air of appealing to especially literary and cultured class. It must be visibly and unmistakably a popular institution, making a large appeal to the whole community†¦ It will be seen that the theatre we propose would be a National Theatre in this sense, that it would be from the first conditionally – and, in the event of success, would become absolutely – the property of the nationà ¢â‚¬  (Archer and Barker 1907, p.5). It is obvious that the National Theatre was initially viewed as the theatre for large masses of people, as a popular theatre that would be accessible and understandable for all; that would attract people to the art and spread the culture into masses. In fact, it is possible to estimate that the Royal National Theatre was thought of as a theatre that could be a cultural core of the nation. Gradually, these ideas were developing and eventually they had been realized on October 22, 1963, when the National Theatre headed by Laurence Olivier started its work with the opening night of Hamlet starring Peter O’Toole. This date is traditionally considered to be the date of the foundation of the National Theatre of London, which was later attributed as the Royal National Theatre of London in 1988. The main events in the history of the Royal National Theatre Since the date of its foundation, the Royal National Theatre has faced some peaks and troughs, but the theatre is still accessible and may be proud of its history. In this respect, it worth to mention that despite its relatively short history, starting with 1963, there have been produced over 600 plays, and nowadays there are over 1,000 performances a year, given by a company of 150 actors to over 600,000 of people (Callow 1997). It is quite remarkable that the Royal National Theatre started in premises at the Old Vic and it did not have a new building as well as it did not receive a new building as it had been initially promised. In fact, the National Theatre did not have a permanent home until 1976, when Denys Lasun’s National Theatre building was opened (Callow 1997). Probably, the latter fact was also a result of the change of the director because in 1973 Peter Hall â€Å"took over the dictatorship† (Cohen and Smith 1997, p.301) in the National Theatre. It is under his run the National Theatre of London, and in 1976-1977 the Theatre opened its new buildings in the South bank of the Thames. And only more than a decade ago, in 1988 the National Theatre got a new name. This year the name of the company was changed to the Royal National Theatre of London (Callow 1997). But it is not only the name that was changed but so was the director. As a result, in 1988 Richard Eyre took over as a director of the Royal National Theatre. He was later succeeded by Trevor Nunn in 1997 and Nicholas Hytner in 2003. Nowadays, the Royal National Theatre â€Å"engages many of England’s talented actors, directors, and designers to produce its repertory of classics and modern plays† (Hunkin 2004, p.106). Among its most successful performances that made the Royal National Theatres of London recognizable all over the world may be named Cats, Les Miserable and many others.Nonetheless, it still worth to mention that the problem with the permanent home the theatre lacked at the beginning of its existence, was not the only problem the Royal National Theatre faced. There were also problems concerning the popularity of the theatre and sometimes the lack of innovations that often put the theatre into crises that marked the change of its directors. Not surprisingly that the recent years were marked by often changes of the Theatre’s directors compared to the past years. Nicholas Hytner as an Artistic Director of the Royal National Theatre It should be said that the appointment of Nicholas Hytner as an Artistic Director of the Royal National Theatre was the result of the stagnation of the theatre and the obvious necessity of changes that were vitally important for further development of the theatre. At the same time, Nicholas Hytner was perceived in different ways as a director of the Royal National Theatre of London. Nonetheless, it is necessary to underline that he realised his mission and the role of the theatre for British society. For instance, at the beginning of his work in the Royal National Theatre, he emphasized that â€Å"it is a great time to be a national theatre and to rise to the challenge to living up to our name. We want to tell the stories that chart the way the nation is changing. We want to bring front-line reports from new communities and generations, and we want to see the present redefined in the context of the past† (Hunkin 2004, p.59). In such a way it seems that he understands the challenges the theatre faces in the current situation. As a result, he initially planned to adopt the theatre to the current needs of the society that was changing. It is an undeniable fact that nowadays, British society is getting to be more heterogeneous, more diverse, and it tends to be rather multicultural that the theatre should take into consideration. On assessing the role of Nicholas Hytner for the Royal National Theatre and its progress, it is necessary to point out that his work is highly controversial. On the one hand, he tends to be innovative and appeals to use new original forms but, on the other hand, his policy is considered to be too radical that often leads to conflicts and even the protest of some part of the audience. To better understand such a situation and the position and policy of Nicholas Hytner, it is necessary to draw some examples and basic concepts of his policy. For instance, Nicholas Hytner underlines the importance of the theatre at large and the Royal National Theatre in particular as educational tools that should be accessible for British children, which as he states ‘are robbed.’ In other words, the new director of the Royal National Theatre estimates that â€Å"a cultural apartheid is being created in which children from state schools are missing out on theatre and art† (Hunkin 2004, p.152). In this respect, it should be said that, to a certain extent, he is right because children from state schools are deprived of a possibility to get acquainted with art and theatre because of the lack of funding. As a result, the â€Å"pillars of British culture† (Hunkin 2004, p.166) remain a kind of terra incognita for the vast majority of British children. However, on the other hand, what would the British children, which Nicholas Hytner cares so much about, see in the Royal National Theatre headed by this Artistic Director? One of the basic concepts of his policy is the idea that the theatre should be offensive since, according to him, â€Å"the Western theatre was invented in Athens precisely to put on stage feelings that were too dangerous to experience in real life† (Hunkin 2004, p.218). Not surprisingly that he considers that offense in a way is a part of the theatre. As a result, it is possible to speak that such a concept seems to be too radical for the director of the Royal National Theatre of London and in such a context the recent protests of the Sikh community eventually resulting in the closure of a play are quite logical and demonstrate the degree of radicalism in the policy of the new Artistic Director. The predecessors of Nicholas Hytner and difference in their policy However, despite certain radicalism that seems to be typical for the policy of Nicholas Hytner, he is a successor of the policy started by his predecessors. In fact, his primary motivating factor is the necessity to sustain the development of the theatre and keep its popularity among people. In other words, the Royal National Theatre should progress and remain close to ordinary British people, understandable and interesting for them. Not surprisingly that â€Å"Hytner’s approach to the theatre will not be seen like a million miles away from that of his predecessors† (Hunkin 2004, p.322). Nonetheless, there are some differences if not in the policy then, at least in the objectives Nicholas Hytner faces compared with his predecessors. For instance, it is not a secret that Trevor Nunn, the producer of famous Cats and Les Miserable, â€Å"became the centre of controversy for his decision to stage so-called extravagant, commercial production in the theatre† (Hunkin 2004, p..325) while one of the main tasks of Nicholas Hytner’s policy is to prevent the Royal National Theatre of London from commercialisation and the increase of the role of commercial productions. By the way, business productions have always been used by the directors of the Royal National Theatre to make this institution more financially independent and stable. And this is probably the main difference between Nicholas Hytner’s strategic goals and his predecessors. The role of the Royal National Theatre for British cultural life Apparently, it is difficult to underestimate the part of the Royal National Theatre in the life of British society. It is even possible to estimate that the theatre is a cornerstone of the cultural life of the British society because it sustains the uniqueness of the national theatre, art, and culture at large. Naturally, nowadays the Royal National Theatre has to overcome the resistance that the new pop culture poses before traditional British theatrical art. In fact, it is hardly possible to deny that the contemporary society is characterized by an extremely high level of consumerism that affects the attitude of people to the theatre and art at large. In such a situation the Royal National Theatre of London seems to be a rare exception from general rules of the consumer society which appreciate primarily the artistic success and not commercial one. Furthermore, nowadays British society and the Royal National Theatre face new challenges such as the spread of new cultures in the UK resulting from an increasing number of immigrants from different countries of the world. As a result, the UK becomes an unprecedentedly multicultural nation where different culture should live in harmony, and in such a situation the role of the Royal National Theatre is hardly possible to underestimate since art has power to unite people, regardless their ethnic or racial differences, social status, educational level, etc. My mission statement for the Royal National Theatre Taking into account what has been just mentioned above, it is possible to define the perspectives and the primary goals the Royal National Theatre should achieve in the nearest future. If I managed to gain such a public and national recognition that I could become the Artistic Director of the Royal National Theatre of London I Would primarily define the primary objectives, which should correspond to the current social and cultural changes that take place in the British society. In this respect, I believe that one of the main goals of the Royal National Theatre is to sustain its basic principles, according to which the theatre serves to the interest of ordinary people and it should involve possibly larger audience in order to promote art both classical and modern, make it more accessible for people without changing its cultural value. In other words, it is necessary to develop traditions of British theatre as a branch of art and the Royal National Theatre should be a kind of a beacon for the broad audience and for other shows that are currently too commercialized. At the same time, it seems to be inevitable that in perspective the Royal National Theatre would absorb rich traditions of other cultures that are currently growing in power in the UK, such as Indian for instance, and eventually, the theatre would contribute to the harmonization of the new multicultural society using art.

Sample of Simple Speech Essay

Sample of Simple Speech EssayAs the oldest and still the most widely used writing form, essay writing is as old as humanity itself. That is the reason why we find so many variations in writing a sample of simple speech essay. Whether your topic is the celebration of Easter or just your personal and family life, you can be sure that you will find one kind of essay that fits all your needs.Let us take a look at some typical traits that we will encounter in a basic speech essay. The first of these traits is the fact that a sample of simple speech has no fixed point and will incorporate many different genres and methods of speech.A sample of simple speech also allows for the flexibility of style. It does not dictate a way of speaking. This means that you can make it sound as formal as possible and as informal as you want to make it. A good example is the use of formal speech pauses.If you want to throw in a little ornament of style and try to make it seem more formal than it really is, t here is a nice example for you here. The pause can be shortened into just a couple of seconds, giving the impression that you have a much bigger pause than you actually do. With this method, it is not necessary to write a formal introduction because the introduction only serves as a reminder of the reason of writing the essay in the first place.This is also applicable to any important point you want to highlight. You can simply write down the part of speech that will provide the emphasis for the whole essay.Also, the use of short and concise sentences is always useful. You can even work on making these short sentences sound more formal and be able to combine both of them into a more complex statement.Lastly, a sample of simple speech essay will definitely include a rhetorical question. The rhetorical question will give the essay its punch. You can also write short essays that are as long as you like.The main thing you should keep in mind when writing an essay is to write in a manner that will provide you with an insight into the real life of the person who is the subject of the essay. It will reveal everything you need to know about that person. You will also be able to describe your own experiences.

How to Write an A+ Argumentative Essay

How to Write an A+ Argumentative Essay SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You'll no doubt have to write a number of argumentative essays in both high school and college, but what, exactly, is an argumentative essay and how do you write the best one possible? Let's take a look. A great argumentative essay always combines the same basic elements: approaching an argument from a rational perspective, researching sources, supporting your claims using facts rather than opinion, and articulating your reasoning into the most cogent and reasoned points. Argumentative essays are great building blocks for all sorts of research and rhetoric, so your teachers will expect you to master the technique before long. But if this sounds daunting, never fear! We’ll show how an argumentative essay differs from other kinds of papers, how to research and write them, how to pick an argumentative essay topic, and where to find example essays. So let's get started. What Is an Argumentative Essay? How Is it Different from Other Kinds of Essays? There are two basic requirements for any and all essays: to state a claim (a thesis statement) and to support that claim with evidence. Though every essay is founded on these two ideas, there are several different types of essays, differentiated by the style of the writing, how the writer presents the thesis, and the types of evidence used to support the thesis statement. Essays can be roughly divided into four different types: #1: Argumentative#2: Persuasive#3: Expository#4: Analytical So let’s look at each type and what the differences are between them before we focus the rest of our time to argumentative essays. Argumentative Essay Argumentative essays are what this article is all about, so let's talk about them first. An argumentative essay attempts to convince a reader to agree with a particular argument (the writer's thesis statement). The writer takes a firm stand one way or another on a topic and then uses hard evidence to support that stance. An argumentative essay seeks to prove to the reader that one argument- the writer's argument- is the factually and logically correct one. This means that an argumentative essay must use only evidence-based support to back up a claim, rather than emotional or philosophical reasoning (which is often allowed in other types of essays). Thus, an argumentative essay has a burden of substantiated proof and sources, whereas some other types of essays (namely persuasive essays) do not. You can write an argumentative essay on any topic, so long as there's room for argument. Generally, you can use the same topics for both a persuasive essay or an argumentative one, so long as you support the argumentative essay with hard evidence. Example topics of an argumentative essay: â€Å"Should farmers be allowed to shoot wolves if those wolves injure or kill farm animals?† â€Å"Should the drinking age be lowered in the United States?† â€Å"Are alternatives to democracy effective and/or feasible to implement?† The next three types of essays are not argumentative essays, but you may have written them in school. We're going to cover them so you know what not to do for your argumentative essay. Persuasive Essay Persuasive essays are similar to argumentative essays, so it can be easy to get them confused. But knowing what makes an argumentative essay different than a persuasive essay can often mean the difference between an excellent grade and an average one. Persuasive essays seek to persuade a reader to agree with the point of view of the writer, whether that point of view is based on factual evidence or not. The writer has much more flexibility in the evidence they can use, with the ability to use moral, cultural, or opinion-based reasoning as well as factual reasoning to persuade the reader to agree the writer’s side of a given issue. Instead of being forced to use â€Å"pure† reason as one would in an argumentative essay, the writer of a persuasive essay can manipulate or appeal to the reader’s emotions. So long as the writer attempts to steer the readers into agreeing with the thesis statement, the writer doesn’t necessarily need hard evidence in favor of the argument. Often, you can use the same topics for both a persuasive essay or an argumentative one- the difference is all in the approach and the evidence you present. Example topics of a persuasive essay: â€Å"Should children be responsible for their parents’ debts?† â€Å"Should cheating on a test be automatic grounds for expulsion?† â€Å"How much should sports leagues be held accountable for player injuries and the long-term consequences of those injuries?† Expository Essay An expository essay is typically a short essay in which the writer explains an idea, issue, or theme, or discusses the history of a person, place, or idea. This is typically a fact-forward essay with little argument or opinion one way or the other. Example topics of an expository essay: â€Å"The History of the Philadelphia Liberty Bell† â€Å"The Reasons I Always Wanted to be a Doctor† â€Å"The Meaning Behind the Colloquialism ‘People in Glass Houses Shouldn’t Throw Stones’† Analytical Essay An analytical essay seeks to delve into the deeper meaning of a text or work of art, or unpack a complicated idea. These kinds of essays closely interpret a source and look into its meaning by analyzing it at both a macro and micro level. This type of analysis can be augmented by historical context or other expert or widely-regarded opinions on the subject, but is mainly supported directly through the original source (the piece or art or text being analyzed). Example topics of an analytical essay: â€Å"Victory Gin in Place of Water: The Symbolism Behind Gin as the Only Potable Substance in George Orwell's 1984† â€Å"Amarna Period Art: The Meaning Behind the Shift from Rigid to Fluid Poses† â€Å"Adultery During WWII, as Told Through a Series of Letters to and from Soldiers† There are many different types of essay and, over time, you'll be able to master them all. A Typical Argumentative Essay Assignment The average argumentative essay is between three to five pages, and will require at least three or four separate sources with which to back your claims. As for the essay topic, you'll most often be asked to write an argumentative essay in an English class on a â€Å"general† topic of your choice, ranging the gamut from science, to history, to literature. But while the topics of an argumentative essay can span several different fields, the structure of an argumentative essay is always the same: you must support a claim- a claim that can reasonably have multiple sides- using multiple sources and using a standard essay format (which we'll talk about later on). This is why many argumentative essay topics begin with the word â€Å"should,† as in: â€Å"Should all students be required to learn chemistry in high school?† â€Å"Should children be required to learn a second language?† â€Å"Should schools or governments be allowed to ban books?† These topics all have at least two sides of the argument: Yes or no. And you must support the side you choose with evidence as to why your side is the correct one. But there are also plenty of other ways to frame an argumentative essay as well: â€Å"Does using social media do more to benefit or harm people?† â€Å"Does the legal status of artwork or its creators- graffiti and vandalism, pirated media, a creator who’s in jail- have an impact on the art itself?† â€Å"Is or should anyone ever be ‘above the law?’† Though these are worded differently than the first three, you're still essentially forced to pick between two sides of an issue: yes or no, for or against, benefit or detriment. Though your argument might not fall entirely into one side of the divide or another- for instance, you could claim that social media has positively impacted some aspects of modern life while being a detriment to others- your essay should still support one side of the argument above all. Your final stance would be that overall, social media is beneficial or overall, social media is harmful. If your argument is one that is mostly text-based or backed by a single source (e.g., â€Å"How does Salinger show that Holden Caulfield is an unreliable narrator?† or â€Å"Does Gatsby personify the American Dream?†), then it’s an analytical essay, rather than an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay will always be focused on more general topics so that you can use multiple sources to back up your claims. Good Argumentative Essay Topics So you know the basic idea behind an argumentative essay, but what topic should you write about? Again, almost always, you'll be asked to write an argumentative essay on a free topic of your choice, or you'll be asked to select between a few given topics. If you're given complete free reign of topics, then it'll be up to you to find an essay topic that no only appeals to you, but that you can turn into an A+ argumentative essay. What makes a â€Å"good† argumentative essay topic depends on both the subject matter and your personal interest- it can be hard to give your best effort on something that bores you to tears! But it can also be near impossible to write an argumentative essay on a topic that has no room for debate. As we said earlier, a good argumentative essay topic will be one that has the potential to reasonably go in at least two directions- for or against, yes or no, and why. For example, it’s pretty hard to write an argumentative essay on whether or not people should be allowed to murder one another- not a whole lot of debate there for most people!- but writing an essay for or against the death penalty has a lot more wiggle room for evidence and argument. A good topic is also one that can be substantiated through hard evidence and relevant sources. So be sure to pick a topic that other people have studied (or at least studied elements of) so that you can use their data in your argument. For example, if you’re arguing that it should be mandatory for all middle school children to play a sport, you might have to apply smaller scientific data points to the larger picture you're trying to justify. There are probably several studies you could cite on the benefits of physical activity and the positive effect structure and teamwork has on young minds, but there's probably no study you could use where a group of scientists put all middle-schoolers in one jurisdiction into a mandatory sports program (since that’s probably never happened). So long as your evidence is relevant to your point and you can extrapolate from it to form a larger whole, you can use it as a part of your resource material. And if you need ideas on where to get started, or just want to see sample argumentative essay topics, then check out these links for hundreds of potential argumentative essay topics. 101 Persuasive (or Argumentative) Essay and Speech Topics 301 Prompts for Argumentative Writing Top 50 Ideas for Argumentative/Persuasive Essay Writing [Note: some of these say "persuasive essay topics," but just remember that the same topic can often be used for both a persuasive essay and an argumentative essay; the difference is in your writing style and the evidence you use to support your claims.] KO! Find that one argumentative essay topic you can absolutely conquer. Argumentative Essay Format Argumentative Essays are composed of four main elements: A position (your argument) Your reasons Supporting evidence for those reasons (from reliable sources) Counterargument(s) (possible opposing arguments and reasons why those arguments are incorrect) If you’re familiar with essay writing in general, then you’re also probably familiar with the five paragraph essay structure. This structure is a simple tool to show how one outlines an essay and breaks it down into its component parts, although it can be expanded into as many paragraphs as you want beyond the core five. The standard argumentative essay is often 3-5 pages, which will usually mean a lot more than five paragraphs, but your overall structure will look the same as a much shorter essay. An argumentative essay at its simplest structure will look like: Paragraph 1: Intro Set up the story/problem/issue Thesis/claim Paragraph 2: Support Reason #1 claim is correct Supporting evidence with sources Paragraph 3: Support Reason #2 claim is correct Supporting evidence with sources Paragraph 4: Counterargument Explanation of argument for the other side Refutation of opposing argument with supporting evidence Paragraph 5: Conclusion Re-state claim Sum up reasons and support of claim from the essay to prove claim is correct Now let’s unpack each of these paragraph types to see how they work (with examples!), what goes into them, and why. Paragraph 1- Set Up and Claim Your first task is to introduce the reader to the topic at hand so they’ll be prepared for your claim. Give a little background information, set the scene, and give the reader some stakes so that they care about the issue you're going to discuss. Next, you absolutely must have a position on an argument and make that position clear to the readers. It’s not an argumentative essay unless you’re arguing for a specific claim, and this claim will be your thesis statement. Your thesis CANNOT be a mere statement of fact (e.g., â€Å"Washington DC is the capital of the United States†). Your thesis must instead be an opinion which can be backed up with evidence and has the potential to be argued against (e.g., â€Å"New York should be the capital of the United States†). Paragraphs 2 and 3- Your Evidence These are your body paragraphs in which you give the reasons why your argument is the best one and back up this reasoning with concrete evidence. The argument supporting the thesis of an argumentative essay should be one that can be supported by facts and evidence, rather than personal opinion or cultural or religious mores. For example, if you’re arguing that New York should be the new capital of the US, you would have to back up that fact by discussing the factual contrasts between New York and DC in terms of location, population, revenue, and laws. You would then have to talk about the precedents for what makes for a good capital city and why New York fits the bill more than DC does. Your argument can’t simply be that a lot of people think New York is the best city ever and that you agree. In addition to using concrete evidence, you always want to keep the tone of your essay passionate, but impersonal. Even though you’re writing your argument from a single opinion, don’t use first person language- â€Å"I think,† â€Å"I feel,† â€Å"I believe,†- to present your claims. Doing so is repetitive, since by writing the essay you’re already telling the audience what you feel, and using first person language weakens your writing voice. For example, â€Å"I think that Washington DC is no longer suited to be the capital city of the United States.† Versus, â€Å"Washington DC is no longer suited to be the capital city of the United States.† The second statement sounds far stronger and more analytical. Paragraph 4- Argument for the Other Side and Refutation Even without a counter argument, you can make a pretty persuasive claim, but a counterargument will round out your essay into one that is much more persuasive and substantial. By anticipating an argument against your claim and taking the initiative to counter it, you’re allowing yourself to get ahead of the game. This way, you show that you’ve given great thought to all sides of the issue before choosing your position, and you demonstrate in multiple ways how yours is the more reasoned and supported side. Paragraph 5- Conclusion This paragraph is where you re-state your argument and summarize why it’s the best claim. Briefly touch on your supporting evidence and voila! A finished argumentative essay. Your essay should have just as awesome a skeleton as this plesiosaur does. (In other words: a ridiculously awesome skeleton) Argumentative Essay Example: 5-Paragraph Style It always helps to have an example to learn from. I've written a full 5-paragraph argumentative essay here. Look at how I state my thesis in paragraph 1, give supporting evidence in paragraphs 2 and 3, address a counterargument in paragraph 4, and conclude in paragraph 5. Topic: Is it possible to maintain conflicting loyalties? Paragraph 1 It is almost impossible to go through life without encountering a situation where your loyalties to different people or causes come into conflict with each other. Maybe you have a loving relationship with your sister, but she disagrees with your decision to join the army, or you find yourself torn between your cultural beliefs and your scientific ones. These conflicting loyalties can often be maintained for a time, but as examples from both history and psychological theory illustrate, sooner or later, people have to make a choice between competing loyalties, as no one can maintain a conflicting loyalty or belief system forever. The first two sentences set the scene and give some hypothetical examples and stakes for the reader to care about. The third sentence finishes off the intro with the thesis statement, making very clear how the author stands on the issue ("people have to make a choice between competing loyalties, as no one can maintain a conflicting loyalty or belief system forever.") Paragraphs 2 and 3 Psychological theory states that human beings are not equipped to maintain conflicting loyalties indefinitely and that attempting to do so leads to a state called â€Å"cognitive dissonance.† Cognitive dissonance theory is the psychological idea that people undergo tremendous mental stress or anxiety when holding contradictory beliefs, values, or loyalties (Festinger, 1957). Even if human beings initially hold a conflicting loyalty, they will do their best to find a mental equilibrium by making a choice between those loyalties- stay stalwart to a belief system or change their beliefs. One of the earliest formal examples of cognitive dissonance theory comes from Leon Festinger’s When Prophesy Fails. Members of an apocalyptic cult are told that the end of the world will occur on a specific date and that they alone will be spared the Earth’s destruction. When that day comes and goes with no apocalypse, the cult members face a cognitive dissonance between what they s ee and what they’ve been led to believe (Festinger, 1956). Some choose to believe that the cult's beliefs are still correct, but that the Earth was simply spared from destruction by mercy, while others choose to believe that they were lied to and that the cult was fraudulent all along. Both beliefs cannot be correct at the same time, and so the cult members are forced to make their choice. But even when conflicting loyalties can lead to potentially physical, rather than just mental, consequences, people will always make a choice to fall on one side or other of a dividing line. Take, for instance, Nicolaus Copernicus, a man born and raised in Catholic Poland (and educated in Catholic Italy). Though the Catholic church dictated specific scientific teachings, Copernicus' loyalty to his own observations and scientific evidence won out over his loyalty to his country’s government and belief system. When he published his heliocentric model of the solar systemin opposition to the geocentric model that had been widely accepted for hundreds of years (Hannam, 2011) Copernicus was making a choice between his loyalties. In an attempt to maintain his fealty both to the established system and to what he believed, he sat on his findings for a number of years (Fantoli, 1994). But, ultimately, Copernicus made the choice to side with his beliefs and observations above all and pub lished his work for the world to see (even though, in doing so, he risked both his reputation and personal freedoms). These two paragraphs provide the reasons why the author supports the main argument and uses substantiated sources to back those reasons. The paragraph on cognitive dissonance theory gives both broad supporting evidence and more narrow, detailed supporting evidence to show why the thesis statement is correct not just anecdotally but also scientifically and psychologically. First, we see why people in general have a difficult time accepting conflicting loyalties and desires and then how this applies to individuals through the example of the cult members from the Dr. Festinger's research. The next paragraph continues to use more detailed examples from history to provide further evidence of why the thesis that people cannot indefinitely maintain conflicting loyalties is true. Paragraph 4 Some will claim that it is possible to maintain conflicting beliefs or loyalties permanently, but this is often more a matter of people deluding themselves and still making a choice for one side or the other, rather than truly maintaining loyalty to both sides equally. For example, Lancelot du Lac typifies a person who claims to maintain a balanced loyalty between to two parties, but his attempt to do so fails (as all attempts to permanently maintain conflicting loyalties must). Lancelot tells himself and others that he is equally devoted to both King Arthur and his court and to being Queen Guinevere’s knight (Malory, 2008). But he can neither be in two places at once to protect both the king and queen, nor can he help but let his romantic feelings for the queen to interfere with his duties to the king and the kingdom. Ultimately, he and Queen Guinevere give into their feelings for one another and Lancelot- though he denies it- chooses his loyalty to her over his loyalty to Ar thur. This decision plunges the kingdom into a civil war, ages Lancelot prematurely, and ultimately leads to Camelot’s ruin (Raabe, 1987). Though Lancelot claimed to have been loyal to both the king and the queen, this loyalty was ultimately in conflict, and he could not maintain it. Here we have the acknowledgement of a potential counter-argument and the evidence as to why it isn't true. The argument is that some people (or literary characters) have asserted that they give equal weight to their conflicting loyalties. The refutation is that, though some may claim to be able to maintain conflicting loyalties, they're either lying to others or deceiving themselves. The paragraph shows why this is true by providing an example of this in action. Paragraph 5 Whether it be through literature or history, time and time again, people demonstrate the challenges of trying to manage conflicting loyalties and the inevitable consequences of doing so. Though belief systems are malleable and will often change over time, it is not possible to maintain two mutually exclusive loyalties or beliefs at once. In the end, people always make a choice, and loyalty for one party or one side of an issue will always trump loyalty to the other. The concluding paragraph summarizes the essay, touches on the evidence presented, and re-states the thesis statement. How to Write an Argumentative Essay: 8 Steps Writing the best argumentative essay is all about the preparation, so let's talk steps: #1: Preliminary Research If you have the option to pick your own argumentative essay topic (which you most likely will), then choose one or two topics you find the most intriguing or that you have a vested interest in and do some preliminary research on both sides of the debate. Do an open internet search just to see what the general chatter is on the topic and what the research trends are. Did your preliminary reading influence you to pick a side or change your side? Without diving into all the scholarly articles at length, do you believe there’s enough evidence to support your claim? Have there been scientific studies? Experiments? Does a noted scholar in the field agree with you? If not, you may need to pick another topic or side of the argument to support. #2: Pick Your Side and Form Your Thesis Now's the time to pick the side of the argument you feel you can support the best and summarize your main point into your thesis statement. Your thesis will be the basis of your entire essay, so make sure you know which side you’re on, that you’ve stated it clearly, and that you stick by your argument throughout the entire essay. #3: Heavy-Duty Research Time You’ve taken a gander at what the internet at large has to say on your argument, but now’s the time to actually read those sources and take notes. Check scholarly journals online at Google Scholar, the Directory of Open Access Journals, or JStor. You can also search individual university or school libraries and websites to see what kinds of academic articles you can access for free. Keep track of your important quotes and page numbers and put them somewhere that’s easy to find later. And don’t forget to check your school or local libraries as well! #4: Outline Follow the five-paragraph outline structure from the previous section. Fill in your topic, your reasons, and your supporting evidence into each of the categories. Before you begin to flesh out the essay, take a look at what you’ve got. Is your thesis statement in the first paragraph? Is it clear? Is your argument logical? Does your supporting evidence support your reasoning? By outlining your essay, you streamline your process and take care of any logic gaps before you dive headfirst into the writing. This will save you a lot of grief later on if you need to change your sources or your structure, so don’t get too trigger-happy and skip this step. #5: Draft Now that you’ve laid out exactly what you’ll need for your essay and where, it’s time to fill in all the gaps by writing it out. Take it one step at a time and expand your ideas into complete sentences and substantiated claims. It may feel daunting to turn an outline into a complete draft, but just remember that you’ve already laid out all the groundwork; now you’re just filling in the gaps. #6: Edit If you have the time before deadline, give yourself a day or two (or even just an hour!) away from your essay. Looking it over with fresh eyes will allow you to see errors, both minor and major, that you likely would have missed had you tried to edit when it was still raw. Take a first pass over the entire essay and try your best to ignore any minor spelling or grammar mistakes- you’re just looking at the big picture right now. Does it make sense as a whole? Did the essay succeed in making an argument and backing that argument up logically? (Do you feel persuaded?) If not, go back and make notes so that you can fix it for your final draft. Once you’ve made your revisions to the overall structure, mark all your small errors and grammar problems so you can fix them in the next draft. #7: Final Draft Use the notes you made on the rough draft and go in and hack and smooth away until you’re satisfied with the final result. A checklist for your final draft: Formatting is correct according to your teacher’s standards No errors in spelling, grammar, and punctuation Essay is the right length and size for the assignment The argument is present, consistent, and concise Each reason is supported by relevant evidence The essay makes sense overall #8: Celebrate! Once you’ve brought that final draft to a perfect polish and turned in your assignment, you’re done! Go you! Be prepared and â™ ª you'll never go hungry again â™ ª, *cough*, or struggle with your argumentative essay-writing again. (Walt Disney Studios) Good Examples of Argumentative Essays Online Theory is all well and good, but examples are key. Just to get you started on what a fully-fleshed out argumentative essay looks like, let's see some examples in action. Check out these two argumentative essay examples on the use of landmines and freons (and note the excellent use of concrete sources to back up their arguments!). The Use of Landmines A Shattered Sky The Take-Aways: Keys to Writing an Argumentative Essay At first, writing an argumentative essay may seem like a monstrous hurdle to overcome, but with the proper preparation and understanding, you'll be able to knock yours out of the park. Remember the differences between a persuasive essay and an argumentative one, make sure your thesis is clear, and double-check that your supporting evidence is both relevant to your point and well-sourced. Pick your topic, do your research, make your outline, and fill in the gaps. Before you know it, you'll have yourself an A+ argumentative essay there, my friend.