Thursday, October 31, 2019

Strategic management analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management analysis - Essay Example The Paper will also suggest several recommendations that will be deemed as helpful in improving the Coffee house’s operations within the United States market. A Brief History of Starbucks. Starbucks is an American global corporation that specializes in selling coffee in its various coffee houses situated all over the world. Its main base of operations is currently at Seattle, Washington. The first Starbucks coffee shop opened its doors in the Seattle Springs area of Washington in 1971 and the company has grown to become the largest coffee house company in the world. It boasts of having about 19,972 stores which are spread out in 60 countries across the globe. Most of the company’s branches are currently located in the United States with an approximately 12,937 branches. ... Starbucks has also expanded its current investments into the entertainment industry and through its Starbucks Entertainment division as well as its hear Music brand, it also markets films, books and music. Most of the company’s product offerings are found to be not only seasonal but also specifically tailored particularly to satisfy the requirements of customers in the locality that the branch is located. Some of its branded products such as coffee and ice cream are sold in grocery stores all over the United States (Starbucks 2012). The United States Coffee House Market The Coffee Shop business and the entire coffee industry have had a significant boom over the recent years. This is especially so in the case of the specialty coffees offered by the industry. The market for these coffees has registered significant growth that has been spurred by the growing trend of the consumers becoming increasingly educated about the industry’s espresso-based drinks as well as how they are made (Starbucks 2012). According to research data conducted by First Research, the United States is host to about 20,000 coffee shop businesses whose total combined revenue has been estimated to stand at $10 billion as of 2011. More than 50% of these sales have been seen to be generated by the country’s top 50 coffee shop operators. Most of the county’s coffee shop operators have increasingly been spreading their business into the international market with Starbucks reporting to having set up shop in over 5,500 licensed locations outside the United States in 2010 (Green and Keegan 2012). The average gross margin for a single coffee shop in the country is

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Costa Coffee Essay Example for Free

Costa Coffee Essay 1. Executive summary In this business report we are analysing the business environment in which our company – BESO and its main competitor – Costa Coffee operate. The main objective is to research, analyse and understand the competitor’s business strategy, to find out if there is a gap in their action plan and how we can take advantage of this. The report consists of SWOT analysis of BESO and PEST analysis of both companies. The target markets of both – BESO and Costa Coffee are similar. That makes the competition between them even bigger. The report also discusses the marketing approach and the various advertising campaigns conducted by Costa Coffee and the advertising techniques we decide to adopt in the long run. The distribution system of Costa Coffee is also considered and plans to expand to different locations. The pricing strategy of BESO is based closely to the strategy of Costa Coffee as we have adopted competitive pricing. In terms of ethical issues we examined the various types of corporate social responsibilities of Costa Coffee. 2. Introduction. The business report includes an analysis of Costa Coffee as a main competitor of BESO Coffee. The report examines the business environment where both companies operate in. It has been requested from the Marketing Director of BESO and also has to be focused only on the UK market. 3. BESO – Brief history BESO Coffee is a coffee chain settled in the UK in 2001. It has been established by an independent trader but later on when the business has grown, new stakeholders appeared. At first BESO’s target market was limited as well as the products it offered- only a few types of coffee and limited types of confectionary. However, only two years after launching BESO on the market it became popular through different groups of people, therefore the menu became much diversified and the target market as well. BESO has shown great performance during the years and has become one of the most recognized names on the current market. That is why Costa Coffee is determined as a main competitor of BESO. 4 5 The Marketing Profession 4. SWOT and PEST analysis 4. 1. SWOT analysis Strengths †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Efficient and trained staff Customer loyalty Brand recognition High quality coffee Friendly and relaxing atmosphere for our customers. Weaknesses †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Limited number of outlets Low levels of advertisement Interior design needs updating More range of the types of coffee available. Continual change in consumer taste Can be seen as an unhealthy product Opportunities †¢ Based in Central London which covers a large demographic of customers Olympics 2012 will bring in more sales Introduction of new products including healthy options. Retailing mugs and coffee equipment Threats †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Customers demanding fair-trade and organic coffee. Big chain coffee shops dominating the market. Economic issues and crisis Lack of ownership of primary resources e. g. Coffee farming. †¢ †¢ †¢ 4. 2. PEST analysis There are many different Political, Economic, Social and Technological issues that both our company and also Costa Coffee face within the coffee industry. Firstly, the first political issue to consider is that majority of coffee beans are brought and made in developing countries, so companies need to ensure that their coffee is made by fair-trade dealers and they need to consider the ethical conditions of the labor used. Another political issue includes all the taxes and tariffs incurred by any business operating within the UK, whether it be import tariffs or VAT on goods sold. The economic factors that our companies face are similar to the issues faced by many businesses within the whole goods and services market, this including the economic recession of 2008. Customers now have less disposable income to spend and as a result cut-down on the purchasing of non-vital goods. This is due to of unemployment rising and the levels of debt increasing. The social factors that need to be taken into consideration is that consumers are spending more money on coffee due to the demand for quality goods. This can be seen in the comparison of value of tea and coffee industry with coffee valuing at 738 million according to the Times (2008). As a result, companies need to ensure that buying coffee is not only a quick purchase, as they need to have value-added for customers including high quality coffee and a relaxing 5 6 The Marketing Profession atmosphere. Lastly, the technological issues that both our company and Costa face is the introduction of self-made home coffee by the use of coffee machines specifically tailored to make at home, for example, the Senseo coffee-machines. This can be seen as a threat to coffee shops as it is a cheaper alternative for customers in the long run. 5. Target market According to a Mintel report titled Coffee Shops published February 2012, Two thirds of consumers buy coffee out of home, rising to three in four among 16-24-year-olds as core users. Costa Coffee has the highest number of outlets within the UK totaled to 1,302 coffee shop chains as opposed to Starbucks who has 739 and Caffe Nero with 509 shops. It also claimed that Costa has different store designs to suit different purposes such as ‘Metro’ which is aimed at the younger/urban consumers and ‘Evolution’ which is designed for more mature customers in provincial locations. It states its customer segments are ‘Recharge, Relax, Refuel’. Therefore the target market for Costa Coffee ranges from a wide range of customers of different ages as it caters to many different needs. Students have been said to make up 30% of their target market, Professionals 45%, Families 10% and mature consumers 15% of the clientele. At BESO Coffee, our market we aim to target at is very wide as it ranges from teenagers to mature customers. We even target at families as we offer menus for younger children and parents. Our products are reasonably priced so it can be bought from people of many different income level groups, from working to upper class. 6. Marketing approaches Costa coffee have used many different marketing approaches and campaigns in order to succeed within the industry as it is important to continually update their marketing strategies. Costa has introduced campaigns such as How Do You Like Yours’, which allowed customers to customize their coffees by for example adding espresso or syrup. This helps them differentiate themselves from competitors as it gives consumers more power and control over their purchase. Another campaign introduced by Costa was the arrival of Costa light in 2011, which offered low-calorie and healthier options to customers. This was an important step for Costa as there has been an increase in healthy eating trends, which can be seen in the figure below. Figure: Consumer demand for display of calorie content on restaurant menus, June 2010-December 2011 6 7 The Marketing Profession. Other campaigns included the launch of Costa Coffee Gift Card in November 2011 which allowed customers to buy card with pre-paid amounts of up to ? 75 and a more recent campaign at the beginning of 2012 when Costa collaborated with the Spirit Pub Company which ensured that Costa coffee would be used in its restaurants chains including Chef Brewer and Flaming grill. Costa has used many forms of media to advertise their campaigns to the public. One method used to inform customers was through the use of television advertising in 2008 whereby Costa launched its first ad. The advert helped to illustrate the superiority of Costas products and according Reynolds (2010) its message was that the brand is on a mission to save the world from mediocre coffee and seven out of 10 coffee lovers prefer Costa. Other forms of media used by Costa include Billboards as it can be seen by many commuters within the UK by their use of big bold writing and minimal distraction of the main message. Their billboards are distinctive as they have a continual theme colour, text and logo, which are recognised by customers. Our approach to our marketing campaign is to use alternative uses of media to portray our message, including the use of the Internet, as it is a popular form of media used in today’s society. We aim to use Facebook and Twitter to advertise our campaign and the company as a whole as it covers a large demographic. 7. Distribution strategy Costa operates in the UK through its own coffee shops, franchises and wholesale outlets. On the18th of October 2011, Whitbread stated that the number of Costa UK stores had risen from 1,217 in March 2011 to 1,302 in September 2011, including 95 openings and ten store closures. In comparison, Costa International increased its stores from 654 to 701 during the same period, including 72 openings and 25 closures. Meanwhile Costa Express/Coffee Nation units increased from 877 in March 2011 to 934 in September 2011, taking account of 79 openings and 22 closures. These units are partnered with service station operators such as Moto, Esso and Welcome Break, retailers like Tesco and The Co-Operative and foodservice group Compass (Mintel 2012). In a market with low loyalty levels, advertising and promotion is important in keeping brands in the forefront of consumers’ minds. Costa Coffee looked to sustain an emotional response among consumers with the marketing supporting its launch of Costa Light variant in autumn 2011 through an advertising campaign that used slogans such as ‘All the love, none of the handles’ and ‘Extra feel good in every cup’ (Mintel 2012) Customers were also encouraged to see the lighter side of life with its Costa Light Comedy Challenge competition. Costa’s aim was to showcase up-and-coming comedians by asking them to submit a one-minute film via its website. A public vote then saw the top ten entries from five regions go through to a further round to be judged during one-off events across the UK, with the campaign finally culminating in two regional winners performing at The Comedy Store, London (Mintel 2012). Costa Coffee’s distribution system is broad with a balanced portfolio across high streets, retail parks, concessions, airports, rail and other travel hubs as well as an increasing number of stores in new locations such as universities and hospitals. Innovative distribution channels, such as Costa Express and Drive Thru are developed. They will extend the brand’s reach and increase accessibility for the customer (Whitbread, 2010). 7 8 The Marketing Profession Andy Harrison, chief executive of Whitbread said that popping out for a coffee has become a firm fixture of peoples lives. â€Å"Coffee culture has grown massively over the last five to 10 years – people have a real demand for quality coffee and a choice of different coffees, he said. When I was kid everyone wanted a Nescafe – that has definitely changed. (The Guardian 2011). 8. Pricing strategy. Costa Coffee is a well-known, high valued and trusted cafeteria all over the world. They offer wide range of high qualitative coffee drinks and food, excellent services and relaxing atmosphere. Costa relies on their superiorities and offer comparatively higher prices because they have realized that the luxury comes with the price. Costa Coffee offers two sizes of drinks medium and large and the price difference between them is not significant. In this way they encourage their customers to buy the bigger size, because the amount of the drink is bigger and is on almost the same price as the medium one. But even the medium size of cappuccino is served in a cup with the size of soup bowl, so Costa Coffee has a reason to charge a relatively higher price because of the value they give, even though in most cases customers do not need such a big amount of drink although they have to pay for it. In this way, Costa is able to sell cheaper coffee to regular customers, who are aware of the amount of the drink (with elastic demand) and sell more expensive coffee to infrequent visitors, therefore the cafeteria makes big profit from each cup of coffee. This is the corporate strategy and how Costa found a way to charge comparatively higher prices than most of their competitors. This strategy has some disadvantages and threats such as the present credit crunch, which might affect the sales and the budget of Costa Coffee as they target middle and upper middle class, therefore in the time of recession customers may prefer some of the cheaper competitors. 9. Pricing strategy that we will adopt competition based pricing strategy One of the biggest advantages of the Competition based pricing strategy is that in the same time you are focused on your business and objectives and on the competitions strategies. Once you understand what the competition is doing, you have the chance to do everything better and to gain a competitive advantage (Jobber 2008), therefore to increase the number of customers and to gain bigger market share. There are three types on competition based pricing methods: †¢ †¢ †¢ Price your product the same as the competitor Set your price to increase customer base Seek larger market share through price Compared to Costa Coffee we are fairly new to the market so it would be more appropriate for BESO to adopt the Competition based pricing as a strategy that will allow us to grow fast as competitive brand. In order to achieve biggest results we will match/mix the three competition-based pricing methods. BESO will offer similar products as/like the Costas products but on lower prices, therefore BESOs market department must always be aware of what the competition is offering in order to provide better value for money. In this way BESO will has the opportunity to outline its advantages as comparing similar products as those of the competition but on lower prices (even pence). Once customers understand our priorities they will use to come to BESO as a place, which offers better value for money, 8 9 The Marketing Profession. therefore we will increase our market share (Palmer and Hartley 2006). In terms of increasing customer base, the process is similar to market penetration, we have to select a price that will beat the competition and doing that we will motivate customer to notice our products and to make a purchase decision. Market penetration pricing works well in the introduction stage of the product life cycle and in a highly competitive market, as you increase the production some of your costs will decrease. During the next stages of the product life cycle the price can be increased (Jobber 2010). The easiest way to increase the market share of BESO is to select prices that will attract and hold as many customers as possible (depend on target). It is recommended to adopt the Market share pricing after the business achieved market penetration, because they are linked as the market share happens when large volume of products are sold. So it is better if things happen step by step. And finally the market share is calculated by dividing the amount of each company sells out of the total market and in this way the market leader is determined. 9. 1. Disadvantages of Competition based pricing †¢ †¢ †¢ There is a danger to ignore your own production cost if you focus too closely on the competitors prices. It takes more time to research and update competitors information. Competitors also can copy whatever price you select. 10. Customer service Loyalty is particularly low in the coffee shop market, making customer retention a key area of improvement going forward (Mintel 2012). At the start of 2012 Costa Coffee launched the ‘Just How Do You Like Yours? ’ campaign. It aims to highlight the customizable elements of its products, a key differentiator to its lower-priced non-specialist competitors such as EAT and Pret A Manger. A clear pricing strategy was also included in order to appeal to consumer’s sense of value for money. For example, customers can now add an extra shot of espresso or sugar-free syrup shots to their drinks for 35p per unit. Also, in 2011 Costa Coffee launched gift cards (Mintel 2012). Although consumers state that convenient location is more important to them than the brand of coffee chain, operators can still capture consumers’ attention through qualities other than price. For example, two in three users think that quality is the most important decision-making factor when choosing where to buy hot drinks, whilst nearly half disagree that they usually choose the cheapest venue. However, with so many brands trading off of a quality positioning, operators have to ensure that they are differentiating themselves on additional levels, hence the trend towards lifestyle branding in the wider eating out market (Mintel 2012). Costa Coffee’s reputation for excellence applies not only for the exceptional coffee but also the insistence on perfect service. â€Å"Recruiting and retaining highly motivated and talented people is essential and great emphasis is placed on improving the skills, expertise and 9 10 The Marketing Profession performance of our people through award winning, industry-leading training and developing programs† (Mintel 2012). 11. Costa Coffee’s attitude towards environmental issues Consumers are extremely careful about environmental issues, trying to buy environmentally friendly food and drinks. Most of the customers feel that it is their duty to save the environment in order to live healthier. That is why most companies are under a lot of pressure to change their attitude towards the environment most often related to greener, packaging solutions, recycling and many others. Costa Coffee is the first UK coffee chain buying beans from Rainforest Alliance Certifiedâ„ ¢ farms. From October last year, almost 100% of the coffee beans for Mocha Italia blend are from certified sustainable farms. Costa Coffee is also a member of UK Paper Cup Recycling Committee, their cups are made from sustainable sources and that’s saves about 1,100 trees a year. The ingredients from which the cups are made of are all from iconic recyclable material and are made using only certified sustainable pulp. Vegetable Costa Coffee is also concerned about its coffee-growers and in 2006 it registered a Costa Foundation, dealing with the improvement of the welfare of coffee-growing places like Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Uganda and Vietnam. Costa Coffee is also a partner with Cafechurch network, supporting local community. The organization deals with environmental issues, fair trade, divorce and stress problems and others. People are feeling well, being part of a great atmosphere, live music, good communication, and a lot of interviews, having the opportunity to understand more about the Costa Coffee Foundations. 12. The competitor’s CSR activity Costa Coffee is not achieving basic standard of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The coffee company does not give a specific data for the carbon footprint. Its environmental data is part of the environmental data of its parent company-Whitbread. 13. What is your attitude to CSR/environmental issues going to be? The aims that Costa Coffee manages to do are quite a lot. Some of the first ones are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Developing Costa Coffees energy environmental strategy. Managing carbon reporting and ensuring compliance for CRC. Maintaining the ISO50001 system. Working with manufacturer’s waste contractors and NGO to improve takeaway cup recycling. 10 11 †¢ †¢ The Marketing Profession Developing Costa Good Together CR programme . By 2012/13 Costa Coffee aims to help 15, 000, providing them access to education. That target will help to bring together the communities, helping adults to find jobs and trades. The coffee chain aim is to raise ? 750,000 alone during 2012/13. Costa Coffee will try to dedicate Energy Environment Manager in Costa Coffee. That will be useful, trying to insure more control and to organize the best structured plan for the company. Costas cardboard cups are not recyclable, even though the cardboard can be recycled. The other ingredient in the cardboard cups, the ink and the glue, cannot be recycled. The target environmental plan of Costa Coffee is to use vegetable ink and degradable glue on its cups. Costa Coffee is raising money to build schools in regions where a lot of coffee farms take place. There are already 22 schools in developing countries. That makes a big difference for a lot of young people who have the opportunity to study. Costa Foundation is also taking care for the supplement of special healthy nutritious meals and laptops for the children. †¢ †¢ †¢ 14. Conclusion Based on the researches and analysis that have been done BESO has a great potential to use Costa’s disadvantages and to convert them into our opportunities for prosperity. Offering similar products as those of Costa Coffee but on lower prices and in the same time launching our own products (BESO’s cupcakes) is a good strategy to gain a competitive advantage. Slight changes in the interior design of our cafeteria would be refreshing and a good way to attract new customers. Furthermore increasing our advertising activities would be an opportunity to remind our customers and in the same time to inform our new potential customers about BESO’s fantastic services and great value for money. 15. References Baker S. (2003), New Consumer Marketing, West Sussex, John Wiley Sons Ltd Cooper D., Schindler P. (2011), Business Research Methods, New York, McGraw Hill Education Economics Help (2008), Costa Coffee UK and Sales Techniques. Available at: http://econ. economicshelp. org/2008/08/costa-coffee-uk-and-sales-techniques. html [Accessed: 20th March 2012]. Government of Alberta (2012), Methods to Price Your Products. Available at: http://www1. agric. gov. ab. ca/$department/deptdocs. nsf/all/agdex1133#competition [Accessed: 20th March 2012] Jobber D. (2010), Principles and Practice of Marketing, London, McGraw Hill Education 11 12 The Marketing Profession Kotler P. , Armstrong G. (2006), Principles of Marketing, The United States of America, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data LinkedIn (2011), Costa Coffee Energy and Environment Manager at Whitbread. Available at: http://uk. linkedin. com/pub/ollie-rosevear/14/672/948 [Accessed: 20th March 2012] Mintel (2012), Brand Communication and Promotion. Available at: http://academic. mintel. com/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show/display/id=59 0036/display/id=611992#hit1 [Accessed: 20th March 2012] Mintel.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Margaret Thatcher Essay

Margaret Thatcher Essay Most people say that you either loved or hated Margaret Thatcher. But the truth is that you could feel both ways about her, often at the same time. Margaret Thatcher was a stateswoman in the fullest sense of the word. She ended socialism in Britain and revived the British economy. She even won the Falklands war and radically changed British society. Some would even say that she created the world we live in today. Has the legacy of Margaret Thatcher any influence on British society today? How important was the Iron Lady to Britain? The British inflation was in 1975 up at 24, 11%  [1]  and with the unions constant claim for higher salaries, nobody expected it to drop to a normal level. In 1976 it still did not help and in the same year they had to take a loan in the International Monetary Fund (IMF)  [2]  . When Margaret Thatcher won the general election in 1979, she became Prime Minister of a land in chaos. The British top tax rate was 83% and on unearned income the rate was 98%  [3]  and the bottom rate was 65%. The first thing Margaret Thatcher needed to deal with as a Prime Minister was the inflation and tax rates. She lay out a political program that should prevent a raise in salaries and in public spending. It did not matter whether you were rich or poor; you were paying most of your money in taxes. When Margaret Thatcher left the office in 1990, the top rate was now only 40%  [4]  . Margaret Thatcher fought for minimizing the tax rates and allowed business to boom in Britain. Margaret Thatcher believed in free competition and a reducing of the government power. She radically changed British society. Margaret Thatchers policies of free enterprise, privatization helped modernize Great Britains economy. Her policies of home ownership, share ownership and less government led to a rise in home-ownership rates  [5]  . Margaret Thatcher privatised many national owned industries through the 1980s. A reduction of the public sector would produce more free competition and through that a more market-orientated economy. Her belief was that the private sector was more effective because many of the nationalised industries were sold to the private sector. Therefore the profitable range was higher than government owned industries. But the Thatcher government did also raised money by selling state owned companies like the British airways, British telecom and Rolls Royce. Because of Thatchers influency on inflation, the  small state, and  free markets  through  tight control of the money supply and  privatisation it would now be callen Thatcherism. Thatcherism is characterised by the philosophy of a smaller role for the government and creating a free-market economy. The state should not interfere in the regulation of prises or salaries, but only make sure that the competition stayed fair for all of its participants. Beside this, Thatcherism also implied privatisation of state owned industries, like British airways, low taxation and a monetarist economic policy as an attempt to control the inflation  [6]  . In 1982 Margaret Thatcher won the Falklands War. At a time where the kingdom was divided and the support of the government was almost non-existing. Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands in 1982 and Margaret Thatcher shipped a large elements of the Royal Navy down to retake those islands again. Britain won the Falklands War and it was Britains first military victory since World War II in 1945. For Britain and Thatcher the victory provided a boost of confident. The victory made Britain feel proud and strong about their country. Britains international position became stronger. Thatcher regained her popularity with the voters who were thrilled by the outcome of the war and in 1983 the Thatcher conservative government was re-elected  [7]  . In 1985 things started to work for the government and for Margaret Thatchers old reforms. There was an economic growth and the number of unemployed was falling  [8]  . Especially the economy grew fast. It reached 4-5% a year. The inflation increased to 10% but decreased again in 1990. This led to the third victory in the 1987 general election. Margaret Thatcher won convincingly but had lost many votes to Labour. In November 1990, Margaret Thatcher resigned as Prime Minister. She had lost the strong hold in the public and in the party. Leading co-workers assumed that her strong opinion against further political integration in Europe and her lack of ability to listen to others, in the end was the reason she lost when her position as the leader of the conservative where challenged by John Major who served the post until the election of Tony Blairs Labour Government in May 1997. Margaret Thatcher has not only changed the Conservative Party, but also the entire British society. Thatcher solved certain big problems as, high inflation, high tax rates, low manufacturing productivity and high unemployment. Britain has maintained a strong nation with a strong defence because of the victory of the Falklands War. Thatcher had the passion and she deeply believed that she could make a change in the Conservative Party and therefore she did. Thatcher is important because of her time during the 80s which affect the British society today. The political parties in Britain are forced to adapt her legacy. Thatcher stopped socialism in Britain and now the Labour has had to change into the New Labour, which is something they hate her for. Britain now lives by her political trademarks. Loved or loathed, Thatchers personal accomplishments will remain part of world history. Her legacy will live on and the importance of her hard work during her time as Prime Minister will never be forgotten.

Friday, October 25, 2019

The Supernatural in Hamlet and Macbeth Essay -- GCSE English Literatur

The Supernatural in Hamlet and Macbeth  Ã‚        Ã‚   In both Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural plays a very important role. Supernatural elements are crucial to the plot and they also have a more thematic part as well. Shakespeare presents the ghost in Hamlet, and the witches and ghost in Macbeth, as disrupting elements that not only enhance drama, but also tear apart the existing order of things. They force the title character of each play to undergo their own internal struggle that grows from their insecurity of living up to the image of a man.       First, let us consider Hamlet. The presence of the supernatural takes center stage at the beginning with a dramatic appearance of the ghost of Hamlet's father. Although the ghost does not speak, his presence is seen and already disrupts. It is in later in this first act where the ghost plays it's first and most crucial part. In Scene V of act I, Hamlet and his father's Ghost appear together and alone. The ghost says, "A serpent stung me, so the whole ear of Denmark/Is by a forged process of my death/Rankly abus'd"(I.v.36-38). The first seed of disrupting things (both Hamlet's identity and Denmark) is planted here. The ghost's words make it clear that his murder was not only a crime against him, but also a crime against the land.       The core of the play then unfolds from the actions and words of this ghost. Hamlet's revenge against his uncle is certainly fueled by the ghost's words, but the ghost seems to serve a more subtle and internal part here. In the famous "To be or not to be" soliloquy (III.i.55-88), Hamlet makes it clear his is not only unsure of what action to take, but unsure of himself as well. It seems his father's aberration confuses Hamlet ... ...e serves as ghosts in the machine of the character's life. And it is that which really kills them or drives them to their death in the end.    Works Cited and Consulted: Bloom, Harold. "Introduction." Modern Critical Interpretations: Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York City: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 1-10. Bradley, A.C. "The Witch Scenes in Macbeth." England in Literature. Ed. John Pfordesher, Gladys V. Veidemanis, and Helen McDonnell. Illinois: Scott, Foresman, 1989. 232-233 Goldman, Michael. Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Hamlet. Ed. David Scott Kaston. New York City: Prentice Hall International. 1995. The Riverside Shakespeare: Second Edition Houghtom Mifflin Company Boston/New York   G. Blakemore Evans and J.J.M Tobin eds. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Edited by Norman Sanders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984      

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Pediatric Acute Otitismedia Aom Health And Social Care Essay

Pediatric ague otitismedia ( AOM ) is a prevailing medical status that affects many persons. This status is treated by prescription antibiotics, which have contributedto the addition in antibiotic immune bacterium. There has been some grounds to demo that antibiotic intervention is non ever necessary for the declaration of symptoms and the remedy of the status. We propose to find the effectivity of 10-day Amoxil versus placebo in intervention of AOM. The survey design will be a randomised, dual blind, placebo controlled clinical test at paediatric and otolaryngology patterns in the Greater Philadelphia country. A sum of 400 Children between the ages of 6 months and 7 old ages will be recruited for this test. 200 participants will have antibiotic intervention, the other 200 will have placebo. The test will besides specifically evaluate intervention result in vulnerable populations, in this instance, kids less than 2 old ages of age.Specific AimsAcute otitis media is one of the most fr equent unwellnesss of early babyhood and childhood, therefore one of the most common grounds for kids to see a doctor. ( Sarrell, et al.2003 ) . A In the United States, 93 % of all kids have had at least one episode of AOM by age seven. ( Sarrell, et al.2003 ) . Antibiotics are presently the intervention of pick for AOM in about all states. A In malice of this standard intervention, grounds of their effectivity remains limited in footings of clinical betterment ( Damoiseaux, et Al. 2000 ) . In fact, several surveies have demonstrated that AOM in kids can be managed without antibiotics ( Siegel, et Al. 2003 ) . Furthermore, in past research, there have been disagreements among decisions about the effectivity of intervention with antibiotics for different age groups. A One survey stated that there was no difference between interventions in kids under the age of two compared to kids under the age of six ( LeSaux, et Al. 2005 ) . A Another survey showed age was an of import determiner o f antibiotic effectivity ( Cohen et al. , 1998 ) . These tests have found a 10-day class of Amoxil was more effectual in the intervention of kids less than two old ages of age compared to kids two old ages and older ( Cohen, et Al. 1998 ) . A Aside from incompatibilities sing optimum age for intervention, the literature is missing in surveies comparing antibiotic interventions with placebo for AOM ( McCormick, et Al. 2010 ) . The end of this survey is to turn to the deficiency of grounds sing the efficaciousness of antibiotics for intervention of AOM and the incompatibilities in literature environing the issue of optimum age for intervention. A We propose to carry on a randomized controlled test comparing the effectivity of Amoxil usage for 10 yearss compared to placebo for intervention of AOM in kids between the ages of six months and six old ages. A The undermentioned research inquiries will be addressed: 1 ) What are the differences in intervention results of aten twenty-four hours class of Amoxil compared to placebo in kids with AOM between six months and six old ages of age? A To turn to this, the PCP will prove kids at twenty-four hours two, five, and 10 of the antibiotic or placebo intervention class utilizing the standardised diagnosing tools oftympanometry and otoscopic observationA Hypothesis 1: Both the Amoxil arm and the placebo arm will bring forth the same consequences at the completion of the 10 twenty-four hours intervention period. The differences between results will be undistinguished. 2 ) What are the differences in attach toing symptoms ( febrility and hurting ) in kids utilizing antibiotics versus those utilizing placebo intervention? A This will be addressed by giving the parents journals in which they must enter the kid ‘s temperature ( A.M. and P.M. measurings ) and the disposal of anodynes throughout the twenty-four hours. A The journal will besides incorporate the FLACC hurting graduated table which is to be used before the kid goes to bed. 3 ) Do younger kids respond otherwise to antibiotics intervention than older kids? To turn to this inquiry we will statistically prove for an age class ( six months-two old ages vs. two-six old ages ) by intervention group interaction consequence. It is our long-run end to get a criterion of diagnosing for AOM research. intervention, and outcomes that will let for farther, more specific surveies in the attention for AOM.BackgroundAccuteOtitis Media ( AOM ) , otherwise known as the common otalgia, is a cardinal subscriber to pediatric health care loads and the most common ground for kids to see a doctor. The standard intervention of attention is a class of antibiotics, therefore doing AOM a outstanding subscriber to antibiotic immune bacteriums ( O'Neil ) . The in-between ear is connected to the nasopharynx by the Eustachian tubing. One of the maps of the Eustachian tubing is to run out the secernments of the interior ear into the nasopharynx ( Maxson,1996 ) . When the Eustachian tubing becomes compromised, accretion of in-between ear fluid creates an ideal environment for bacteriums growing ( Maxon, 1996 ) . As a consequence, kids suffer through the colonisation and reproduction of bacteriums, doing much hurting and annoyance. The most outstanding causative bacteriums lending to AOM are: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemopheliusinfluenzae, and Moraxellacatarrhalis ( Gould & A ; Marx, 2010 ) . Therefore, the current criterion of intervention for AOM is through antibiotic therapy ( Cohen ) . In the United States entirely, 93 % of all kids see a instance of AOM by age 3 ( Sarrel et al. , 2003 ) . This per centum does non account for reoccurring instances. The complete use of antibiotics in intervention of AOM has greatly contributed to the addition in the sum of anti-biotic immune bacteriums ( Grevers,2010 ) . The addition in antibiotic opposition has put kids at intensified hazards because there is a possibility that farther intervention with antibiotics will non bring forth a healed result ( Grevers,2010 ) . A A A A A A Otitis media is one of the most frequent diseases of early babyhood and childhood and one of the most common grounds for kids to see a doctor. A AOM is the most normally treated bacterial infection in kids ( Siegel et al.,2010 ) A Siegel references that several probes show that there is small benefit to utilizing antibiotics in most kids with AOM. A Despite ample research ( eg.McCormick et al.,2005 ; Damoieseaux et al 2000 ; Le Saux et al. , 2005 ) attending on the intervention effectivity and results of antibiotics is missing standardisation. A Though there are many research articles on the topic of Pediatric AOM, the literature fails in its consistence. A In being is an array of clinical tests that investigate different fluctuations of antibiotic use ( eg. Leach et al.,2008 ; Sarrell et al. , 2003 ; Roark & A ; Berman, 1997 ) but deficiency of survey reproduction has failed to verify the information gathered in the surveies. A Regardless, intervention of this infection accounts for & gt ; 50 % of paediatric antibiotic prescriptions and every bit much as $ 5 billion yearly in costs ( Siegel et al.,2003 ) . A Pediatric AOM affects such a legion population, that it is merely good to society of farther look into the effectivity of antibiotic usage in AOM. A A A A A A A Confounding information in the presented literature of Pediatric AOM has made it hard to sum up research in the most good and effectual intervention. A bulk of the literature compares antibiotic use to either a placebo or alternate therapy.A A part of this literature considers immediate antibiotic use versus placebo ( a representation of â€Å" alert waiting † ) ( eg.A Damoiseaux et Al. 2000 ; Siegel et Al, .2003 ; McCormick et al. , 2005 ; LeSaux et al.,2005 ) . A Other tests are presented with the focal point of high dosage antibiotic usage versus low dose antibiotic usage ( eg.Roark & A ; Berman, 1997 ) and alternate intervention use ( such as naturopathic intervention of AOM with Naturopathic Herbal Extract Ear Drops ) ( Sarrell et al.,2003 ) .A A Our literature hunt besides presented tests that investigated the differences in intervention result between different ages ( eg.Cohen et al.,1998 ; Leach et al.,2008 ) A A A A A A A A A A A Even with an array of published literature on paediatric AOM, there is a deficiency of standardisation in antibiotic dose for this medical problem.A A A Through our literature hunt, we have found that different surveies use different doses as the â€Å" current criterion of attention † .A In a aggregation of surveies, the criterion of intervention was given at assortment of doses which included: 40mg/kg/day, 50mg/kg/day, 60 mg/kg/day, 80 mg/kg/day, 90mg/kg/day ( Damoiseaux et al.,2000 ; Cohen et al.,1998 ; LeSaux et al.,2005 ; Leach et al.,2008, McCormick et al.,2005 ) .A A This makes it highly hard to compare the effectivity of intervention result between multiple surveies. A A A A A Our proposed research aims to look into and specify the difference in intervention result between antibiotic usage and no intervention in paediatric AOM. A Recently, there has been turning concern over prescription antibiotics and opposition of common bacteriums to antibiotics ( Siegal et al. , 2003 ) . A Block et al. , demonstrated that the pnuemococcal isolates from in-between ear fluids were 16 % comparatively immune and 15 % extremely immune to penicillin in kids who antecedently had AOM ( 1995 ) . A The literature is missing in research that investigates the long-run effects of early paediatric antibiotic usage. A It would be good to the paediatric population to restrict the sum of antibiotics administered in order to forestall the addition in the figure of antibiotic immune bacteriums. A A Literature Specific to Antibiotic Use There is more than one current theory for the intervention of AOM.A The first theory provinces that there is a difference between the doses of Amoxil prescribed to kids with AOM.A The high versus low dose intervention suggests that low dose intervention is merely every bit effectual as high dosage intervention ( Roark et al. , 1997 ) .A A The following theory for the best intervention of AOM is antibiotic intervention versus no intervention or placebo.A The research shows that there is more than one scheme in the attack to this theory.A The SNAP ( Safety Net Antibiotic Prescription ) attack is based on a compulsory 2 twenty-four hours waiting period before intervention ( either antibiotics or placebo ) ( Siegal et al. , 2003 ) .A The other attack is a standard antibiotic intervention versus placebo ( Le Saux et al. , 2005 ; McCormick et al. , 2005 ) .A Most research indicates that there is no difference between placebo and antibiotics ( Le Saux et al. , 2005 ; McCormick et al. , 2005 ; Siegal et al. , 2003 ) .A The concluding theory is based on the bad population, which is correlated to age.A There is a consensus that antibiotic intervention is more effectual in bad populations, largely patients under the age of two old ages old ( Cohen et al. , 1998 ; Leach et al. , 2008 ) . A Our hypothesis will try to clear up the disagreements between the current theories in order to develop a standard intervention for AOM.A The survey will include variables that deal with age, antibiotics, and placebo in order to happen a standard treatment.ATheoretical ModelMost medical intervention for paediatric AOM is given as antibiotics. LeSaux ‘s survey further explains how antibiotic therapy is debated by comparing it to watchful waiting and detecting the declaration of AOM symptoms.Watchful waiting may set kids with AOM at addition hazard for major complications, particularly for kids under 2 old ages of age ( Damoiseaux et al, 2000 ) . However, LeSaux and Damoiseaux agree t hat abuse or overexploitation of antibiotics may take to antibiotic immune bacteriums. On the other manus, their research surveies raise inquiries because of their little sample size usage to understand how Amoxil and placebo affect kids with AOM. The usage of antibiotics besides involves an fiscal position therefore, in our survey we hope to happen a standard intervention of attention in our survey. LeSaux and Damoiseaux besides discuss how their research can assist extinguish prejudices by including elaborate descriptions of their topics, applied individual clinical definition and minimized different result of the survey ( 2005,2000 ) . A A Antibiotic therapy is widely used by doctors across the universe to handle AOM, but research lacks to efficaciously mensurate reoccurrence AOM. Therefore, this federal grant will assist distinguish the antibiotic therapy attack by discoursing their disadvantages and extinguishing prejudice from old research. Alternatively of concentrating on narrow age scope and individual dose of Amoxil, we will concentrate on the differences of intervention result between kids above and under the age of 2 old ages. Finally, the primary informations gathered through the grant will lend to the standardisation of intervention for attention of AOM for different age groups. It is possible for future research to develop alternate hypothesis based on the consequences that are to be found through this clinical test. Future research will be able to spread out the theory of â€Å" alert waiting † in many age groups and prove the â€Å" standard intervention of attention † from this survey. It is our hope from the information obtained from this survey to better the intervention procedure for AOM by placing the most efficient intervention sing factors that include short-run and long-run effects, antibiotic opposition and socio-economic well being.MethodsSubject Selection & A ; Diagnostic Procedure Childs who are diagnosed with AOM in between the ages of 6 months to 7 old ages will be eligible to take part in this randomised test. The kids were determined to hold AOM by 2 processs: 1 ) tympanometry 2 ) otoscopicexamination. The undermentioned exclusion standards will be applied: Child could hold undergone antibiotic intervention during the old four hebdomads, allergic reaction to amoxicillin, compromised unsusceptibility, craniofacial defects, the tympanic membrane is non integral, and another instance of AOM within the old three months. Study Procedure If the kid met the inclusion standards, the PCP will exhaustively depict the survey process to the patient ‘s parent or defender. A At that clip the PCP will besides obtain written informed consent from the parent. A A After informed consent is assented by the parent, they will have a package with a questionnaire sing general patient information ( see appendix a ) . A The package will besides include a digital thermometer ( Lumiscope 2210-214 Quick-Read Digital Thermometer ) for which the parent must mensurate the patient ‘s organic structure temperature twice daily, one reading in the forenoon and one at dark. The temperature values will be recorded in the journal that is included in the package. A The diary entries ( see appendix B ) will incorporate a subdivision to enter organic structure temperature values, a subdivision to enter analgetic disposal, a subdivision to enter hurting degrees in the eventide, and a subdivision to notice in an open-ended mode on any import ant symptoms associated with AOM. A A TheA 10-dayA trialA ofA amoxicillinA orA placebo will be administered and started on twenty-four hours of diagnosing. A The parents are expected to maintain an adequate and up to day of the month journal of the kid ‘s intervention class. A Follow up visits will be required on yearss two, five, and 10 of the test with the kid ‘s well-thought-of PCP. A A The PCP will measure the same measurings taken at the baseline visit ( tympanometry and otoscopic observation ) . A The household will be rewarded $ 20, $ 30, and $ 50 for each follow up visit, severally. A On the 10th twenty-four hours of the test at the follow up visit, the journal will be collected and the parents will be asked to make full out a intervention class contemplation ( appendix degree Celsius ) . A Parents or guardiansA can reach the survey central office or their referred PCP office anytime with inquiries sing the survey or to describe any terrible inauspicious event ( s ) , such as concern, febrility, sickn ess, hurting, or any other types of status. A On twenty-four hours 10, they will turn in the package including the parent journal to the PCP. Data Collection Instruments In the diagnostic and follow up stage of this test, tympanometry and otoscopic rating will be used to corroborate the presence of AOM and to follow its patterned advance through out the intervention class. Otoscopic rating will attach to tympanometry in the diagnostic processeand follow up steps. Otoscopic scrutiny will be the first measure in the diagnosing procedure. The scrutiny allows the PCP to visually corroborate the presence of AOM. The PCP will be looking for purulent in-between ear gush. In order to corroborate AOM quanitavelytympanogram steps will be used. Tympanometry is the noninvasive procedure of mensurating the comparative air force per unit area of the in-between ear. It is able to mensurate the squeezability of the air in the in-between ear ( Johansen ) . If the squeezability is minimum, it is assumed that the in-between ear pit is filled with fluid. Babies and little kids can present as a challenge when seeking to accurtely name due to rapid motions and shouting. D espite this, Palmu identifies the cogency of utilizing the tympanometry trial through his survey that showed that tympanometric measuring was successful in 94 % of babies that were tested ( 1999 ) . The parent journals will incorporate the FLACC ( Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consulibility ) ( Appendix C ) pain scale to be filled out day-to-day before anodynes are administered. FLACC is an experimental tool to quantify hurting. Each of the 5 symptoms is graded on a graduated table of 0-2, with a entire possible mark runing from 0-10. Manworren ‘s survey confirmed that the FLACC hurting graduated table is appropriate for mensurating preverbal kids in hurting from diseases ( 2003 ) . Voepel ‘s survey confirmed the cogency of the FLACC hurting graduated table by demoing distinguishable differences mark differences in pre/post analgetic disposal. The survey besides showed first-class dependability through exact understanding and kappa statistics ( 2010 ) . Data Management At the initial visit and all following visits to the physician ‘s office, an employee will come in the patient information into the on-line database. The information from the parent journals will all be transferred into the on-line database after entry at the terminal of the test. All informations entered into the on-line database will merely be accessible to those who have a user login and watchword to the plan. All informations that is handled by the PCP or our research squad will be kept confidential. It is to the parent ‘s arrested development to find how confidential they will maintain the journals during the intervention class.Statistical AnalysisIn order to analyse our information we will utilize the PSAW statistical plan, version 18.A This is the most up to day of the month version of the former SPSS program.A This plan includes the statistical trials that are relevant to our analysis. A A To measure the information we will utilize a qi square trial with a logisti c regression.A The qi square trial is an appropriate trial because the information that will be used is at the nominal degree, which is nonparametric.A Besides, our informations is reciprocally sole, in that each patient will be assigned to merely one group. We will measure with a 2Ãâ€"2 eventuality tabular array, comparing treated and non treated to antibiotic intervention and placebo with a 95 % assurance interval.A The logistic arrested development will be used to find if the age of the patient will impact the result of the treatment.A It will demo the most likely anticipation of a group.A This will unclutter up any disagreement if placebo or antibiotics are the best intervention option between patients less 30 months of age and 30-72 months.A AResearch TimelineThis survey does non hold a definite length due to our end to widen the survey until 400 survey participants are involved in the test. We will end the test at 5 old ages irrespective of the achieved participant survey pop ulation. In order to maintain standardisation amongst take parting PCP ‘s, we will keep quarterly visits to verify that the PCPs are following protocol. Once an person is enrolled in this survey ; it will necessitate 10 yearss of engagement. The participant will get down the intervention on twenty-four hours of registration and diagnosing. On the 2nd, 5th, and 10th twenty-four hours of the test, the participants must describe for a cheque in. If the participant suffers from any inauspicious events after the completion of the test, we encourage the parent to describe them.DecisionAfter the completion of the research survey we will anticipate to happen no important difference between antibiotic and placebo intervention of AOM.A These findings will lend to regenerating intervention criterions for the AOM. By extinguishing the demand of antibiotics in certain populations, it will assist to diminish the turning figure of antibiotic resistantbacteria. These findings will besides ext inguish some health care costs by eliminating the demand to buy antibiotics.A These findings will assist specify a criterion of pattern for doctors and other attention suppliers which will lend to the well-being of society.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Medival Warfare essays

Medival Warfare essays Medieval Warfare Amos 1 Warfare and Punishment during the Middle Ages were very brutal and used a variety of weapons, strategies, and torture devices. Spanning some 1,000 years of conflict, from the fifth to the 15th century, the Middle Ages was a period in which the mounted warrior, armored or otherwise, dominated the battlefield. This was particularly true of the nomadic warrior societies from the European steppes and Central Asia, who had a massive impact on settled society. (Gilbert 40) Many of these warrior societies turned themselves into Middle Age empires, awaiting to be conquered by another. The forces of Byzantium, or the Eastern Roman empire were defending remnants of Romes conquests. Eventually due to fierce pressure from the Turkic peoples, the army faltered and lost some of their territory. The Roman tradition did live on. While the Western half of Romes empire collapsed, the Eastern empire reasserted itself as a military force in the eastern Mediterranean, using combinations of infantry, cavalry, bowmen to defeat their less sophisticated foes (Gilbert 42). A very important element to the strength of the Byzantine empire, lay in its disciplined heavy cavalry- the cataphracts. These cavalry men were equipped with full metal scale armor which extended to cover the horse as well as the rider. Both men and horses were trained very rigorously and were capable of carrying out very complex and difficult objectives on the battlefield (Gilbert 43). These men were not only talented in the use of their lance or sword, but also very skilled bowmen which made them very intimidating adversaries. The role of calvary - and the status of the horse and its rider - was of paramount importance in the religiously inspired territorial expansion of the Arab tribes (Gilbert 46). The Islamic empire not only delivered serious blows to Byz...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Information on Education and Schools in Massachusetts

Information on Education and Schools in Massachusetts Each state varies at least somewhat in education related policy.   Trending educational topics such as charter schools, school vouchers, standardized testing, state standards, and school finance all take on the shape of a states political foundation.   This variation ensures that a student in Massachusetts is most assuredly receiving a slightly different education than a similar student in another state.   This makes providing accurate comparisons among states extremely difficult.   It is possible to compare data from programs, assessments, and studies that look at each state independently. This profile breaks down education and schools in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Education Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education Massachusetts Commissioner of Elementary and Secondary Education: Mitchell D. Chester District/School Information Length of School Year: A minimum of 180 school days is required by Massachusetts state law. Number of Public School Districts: There are 242 public school districts in Massachusetts. Number of Public Schools: There are 1859 public schools in Massachusetts. **** Number of Students Served in Public Schools: There are 953,369 public school students in Massachusetts. **** Number of Teachers in Public Schools: There are 69,342 public school teachers in Massachusetts.**** Number of Charter Schools: There are 79 charter schools in Massachusetts. Per Pupil Spending: Massachusetts spends $14,262 per pupil in public education. **** Average Class Size: The average class size In Massachusetts is 13.7 students per 1 teacher. **** % of Title I Schools: 51.3% of schools in Massachusetts are Title I Schools.**** % With Individualized Education Programs (IEP): 17.4% of students in Massachusetts are on IEPs. **** % in Limited-English Proficiency Programs: 6.8% of students in Massachusetts are in limited-English Proficient Programs.**** % of Student Eligible for Free/Reduced Lunches: 35.0% of students in Massachusetts schools are eligible for free/reduced lunches.**** Ethnic/Racial Student Breakdown**** White: 67.0% Black: 8.2% Hispanic: 16.0% Asian: 5.7% Pacific Islander: 0.1% American Indian/Alaskan Native: 0.2% School Assessment Data Graduation Rate: 82.6% of all students entering high school in Massachusetts graduate. ** Average ACT/SAT score: Average ACT Composite Score: 24.4*** Average Combined SAT Score: 1552***** 8th grade NAEP assessment scores:**** Math: 297 is the scaled score for 8th grade students in Massachusetts. The U.S. average was 281. Reading: 274 is the scaled score for 8th grade students in Massachusetts. The U.S. average was 264. % of Students Who Attend College after High School: 73.2% of students in Massachusetts go on to attend some level of college. *** Private Schools Number of Private Schools: There are 852 private schools in Massachusetts.* Number of Students Served in Private Schools: There are 144,445 private school students in Massachusetts.* Homeschooling Number of Students Served Through Homeschooling: There were an estimated 29,219 students that were homeschooled in Massachusetts in 2016.# Teacher Pay The average teacher pay for the state of Massachusetts was $73,129 in 2013.## Each individual district in the state of Massachusetts negotiates teacher salaries and establishes their own teacher salary schedule. The following is an example of a teacher salary schedule in Massachusetts provided by the Boston Public School District. *Data courtesy of Education Bug . **Data courtesy of ED.gov ***Data courtesy of ACT ****Data courtesy of the National Center for Education Statistics ******Data courtesy of The Commonwealth Foundation #Data courtesy of A2ZHomeschooling.com ##Average salary courtesy of National Center of Education Statistics ###Disclaimer:   The information provided on this page changes frequently.   It is pulled from a several education resources in an attempt to pool critical education related data to one site. It will be updated regularly as new information and data becomes available.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Video Games

Video Games If there is one thing that young English learners and ESL classes have in common around the world, its their passion for playing video games. It doesnt matter what platform they use: Playstation 2, XBox, GameBoy or Nitendo - and especially smart phones, they love to play and talk about playing. Taking cue from this passion for video games, this lesson is devoted to getting them to talk about video games - but in English! Aim: Getting students to talk, learning new vocabulary Activity: Discussing video games - Making video games vocabulary trees Level: Intermediate to advanced Outline: Have students read the short video game advertisement.Discuss new words and other related vocabulary.Ask students to get into small groups of three or four and fill in a MindMap or vocabulary tree for video games.Ask students to fill in the types of games worksheet individually.Divide students into small groups. Students should brainstorm on the types of games they play. For example, are they multiplayer or arcade games? The game equipment theyll need. This is especially useful for hardcore gamers as theyll have extra gear. The video games they currently play and how to play the games.  Ask each student (or group of students) to write  Ask students to NOT use the name of the game, but write a description of one of their favorite video games using the vocabulary in the vocabulary tree, on their worksheet and in their discussions. Make sure to point out that directions should be given in the imperative voice (i.e., Open the door, go to the chest, get the gold, etc. NOT You must ope n the door, you must then go to the chest, you must get the gold from the chest, etc.) Have students read their game descriptions to the class. Ask the other students to guess which game is being described. Reading: Do You Love Gaming? If the answer is yes (and were sure it is!), then youre going to love this new classic! Star Hunters is the game with something for everyone! Designed for multiple platforms including: Playstation, XBox - and smart phone versions for iPhone and Android. This 3-D game puts you in control! A cross between a role-playing, action, educational and fighting game, youll be wowed by its incredibly addictive nature. This game has got it all, puzzles to solve, tasks to complete and missions to accomplish - and all these in various player modes. Just think, if you like to fight, you can fight your way to the top. If you prefer quizzes, the wizards have plenty of questions to ask as you learn your way to success. All this with multiple navigation systems: joystick, keyboard and mouse. Get Star Hunters - the fun has just begun! Mind Map Create a mind map or vocabulary tree of words related to: Verbs - Actions: What do you do?  Nouns - Things - Places: What things can you find? Where do you go? Where are you at?Adjectives - What does the game look like? How does it seem? Worksheet: Types of Games What types of games do you play? What categories might you use? Are the games puzzles, multiplayer, or arcade games? Describe your games. Game Environment What equipment do you need to play in the game? What kind of environment does the game take place in? Does it have a race track or mountain scenes? Does the game take place on a field? Video Games Which video games do you usually play? Do other students play those games?   Rules of the Game What are the rules of your favorite games?   Your Best Game Describe your best game. What happened? What was the score? Who or what did you beat?

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Globalization and its Impact on Today's International Business Essay

Globalization and its Impact on Today's International Business - Essay Example It describes that world economy is taking a more global shape and discusses the main drivers of globalization by arguing that the drivers are playing a key role to set up a more firmly integrated global financial system. A substantial preference is given to two factors to underlie the implications of globalization i.e. declining barriers to the international businesses and the continuous changes in communication, information processing, and transportation modes. It also analyzes that how the international businesses are reacting to the changing environment of global economy. The paper puts some light on the concerns highlighted by rapid globalization along with its implications to particular countries as well as a short history of globalization and the growth of international marketing by multinational companies. The roles of these companies and government policies have been critically analyzed to figure out the benefits and gray areas of globalization. Further through the critical a nalysis, an endeavor has been made to discuss the famous questions like what the benefits of globalization are, and what are its threats, both real and perceived? What do the terms international business, international transaction, and international trade mean? What are the differences between international business and domestic business? At the end, the paper gives a brief overview about the future scenario of world business environment. Globalization Over the past thirty years or so, a universal shift has been occurring in the world economy. There was a time when national economies were isolated from one another and relatively self contained. The rationale of isolation included barriers to cross-border trade and investment, i.e. due to distance, time zone, environment and cultures, natural differences in languages and political regulations, and the business systems. Today, the world has been observing a totally different scenario because geographical distances are reducing due to tremendous development in telecommunications and transportation technologies. Beside this, the global environment and culture have turned into almost same fashion while national economies are merging into an integrated as well as independent global economic system. All these changes and developments have decreased the barriers to cross-border trade and investments. The process of these changes in global economy is generally known as globalization (Panic, 2003). Impact on International Business: A General Overview Impact of globalization can be observed at a global scale in numbers of different fields including economic, social, political, cultural, and technological aspects of life. It has affected the human life in different angles of their individual and collective norms. In the cultural context, globalization has impacts on thoughts, theories, idealism, consumer behavior, and practices of human race (Grossman & Krueger, 1995). In the perspective of international business, its imp acts range from manufacturing, production, promotion, consumption, commercial exchange, and distribution. One of the major impacts of globalization on international business is that it forced the world to establish certain institutions

Friday, October 18, 2019

Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Interview - Assignment Example However, just last month, she experienced the most upsetting ethical problem of her life. She got involved into a romantic relationship with one of her students. In the beginning of the interview I courteously asked her to narrate the events that happened prior to the final confrontation with the college administration. At first she was timid and embarrassed, and I had to assure her many times that all the information she will disclose will remain confidential. She then gave in. Her first statement was: â€Å"You know being a single mom is not easy. It is very difficult and at times you really want to quit. So when I met a student, who was older than me and already a successful businessman, I was tempted.† She told me that they dated secretly until their relationship became deeper and deeper. â€Å"I couldn’t get out, you know, of the mess. I know what I’m doing is wrong professionally, but what could I do, my toddler needs to eat, and this was the only way I know at the moment that can help both of us†, she says. However, they were not able to keep the relationship for so long because her co-teachers as well as the students and school staff noticed the passionate, affectionate interaction between them. She was summoned to the college dean’s office to talk about the matter and she was given only two options, either she resigns or persuades the student involved to enroll in another school. She was given enough time to choose and in the end she decided to resign. She is now working as a lecturer in another community college, and never did she again cross the boundary of professional teacher-student relationship. She also believes that her former school treated her ethical dilemma justly. She admits that it was her fault because she did not acquaint herself fully with the ethical codes of the school. As explained by Infantino and Wilke (2009), teachers usually do not obtain sufficient guidance from the

Famous Indigenous person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Famous Indigenous person - Essay Example Before he made his move to become a professional boxer, he had the opportunity of being the highest paid player in the  NRL (Australian Library, 2010, p. 34). His life as a teenager was characterized with him spending time in his fathers’ gym. It came to a time that he took part in some matches, though amateur, when he was at the age of 17. Being a talented basketball player, he played for a while before he came to notice rugby, a field that he excelled at. When he attained the age of 18, he made his debut in the rugby field, starting with the league rugby. After this, he came to be a member of the St. George-Illawarra Dragons (Marshall, 2008, p.34).  This was the Sydney franchise in the ‘National Rugby League’ (NRL) and was also the top professional organization for the sport based in Australia. In this team, he had the position of playing a position known as the five-eighth. This was also called the standoff and a person who holds this title serve as an addi tional center for a team's attacking line. Anthony Mundine is the son and takes after his father who is also a boxer; Tony Mundine. Anthony is also a member of the  Bundjalung people and is proud of this. He received a lot of attention when he converted to Islam religion (Hunter, 2008, p.45).  He converted to Islam in 1999. ... He is known as the most polarizing player in the sports history of Australia. In 2009, he was named the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander person of the year and credited with winning the Deadly Award as the male sportsperson of the year back in 2010, 2009 and also in the year 2009 (Flood, 2009, p.89).  He is also the first professional boxer to have his fights broadcasted on television. Looking at his history, Anthony holds the title of being one of Australia's most celebrated and one of the most controversial athletes. Being a member of an indigenous Australian community, he started with voicing his opinion on the matter concerning racism at a time when he was a celebrated and recognized rugby player. Afterwards, he still continued to make his facts known even after he had left the field and joined professional boxing. He sometimes stated that people hated him for voicing his own opinions about racism and other factors that other indigenous people faced. He knew for a fact tha t he was hated and this did not discourage him. Being a fighter, he made himself known around the world and made efforts to maintain his titles (Ellis, 2009, p.302).   Antony’s particular impact on aborigines’ health and social life is that he gave them the courage to compete favorably with other communities in all fields. His success is evidence that any person can achieve a goal when he/she has set the mind on it. The health aspect was affected by Antony’s life since it he made the people aware on the advantages of taking care of one’s body. The social aspect was affected since Antony proved to the entire world that where an individual comes from does not matter, what is important is his mind. Discuss both the social and health impact on both indigenous and non-indigenous

Is Fuel Price Hedging profitable for airline industries Article

Is Fuel Price Hedging profitable for airline industries - Article Example Most airlines today hedge fuel costs. This has not always been the scenario. As recently as 15 years ago, fuel hedging was rare. European flag carriers used currency hedges previously to dilute their risk in fuel volatility In the last 12 years (From 9/11 particularly), unstable oil prices have caused a huge panic situation in the airline industry, a trend which will probably continue for some time. Crude price level rose to nearly $150 per barrel approx, later collapsing to below $40, and recently recovering back to $122 (Wyman) (Oilnergy). The past five years have been very intriguing for global airline industry. The state of the capital markets has not been too rosy itself leaving many corporations without much access to capital let alone cheaper rates In these times of significant modification and instability, it is a need that these airlines employ a feasible risk management program, allowing not only confronting the most challenging of times, but should also lead them to prosper in face of adversities. The question we will try to answer through this case study is that is it worth it in terms of profitability for airline Industry? Previously all airlines hedged their exposure with respect of an oil future. Future implies paying a decided price for an amount of oil on a stated date(s). Consider a company buying a this future of jet fuel at $10 per barrel and jet fuel rises to $18, that commitment protects $10 worth of jet fuel underlying from the consequent 80% increase in price. Airlines typically hedge between 30 to 70% of their expected fuel costs. The recent survey of 24 anonymous international carriers reveals a very important snippet of data (Mercatus Energy) Hedging instruments as we assumed initially only involved fuel hedging used futures contracts. Nowadays, the exposure can be hedged in considerable ways which includes the good old futures, comparatively newer forwards and the latest ones namely options with the limits like covered call and

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Tax on unhealthy foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tax on unhealthy foods - Essay Example The government has taken a measure on this issue and has planned on the implementation of a policy towards the imposition of taxes on unhealthy foods so as to promote a healthy living for the people. But this has raised many questions as it is considered an intrusion on the liberty of the people and opponents have argued that every person has the right to choose what is right for them and imposition of taxes will actually open ways for the government to intrude on personal choices. The American Against Food Taxes is an organization which works with the aim of creating awareness amongst all the groups of the society to explain the fact that the imposition of taxes on beverages and foods is not a solution but is rather a creation of a problem for the economy and the people. It explains the fact that the beverage industry has been putting in much effort to support proper health amongst children and individuals. The steps include proper awareness and education accompanied by the labeling of the amount of calories as well as the reduction of calories in the beverages. This has been accompanied by the provision of proper dietary plans for school going children. The advertisement and marketing policy used by The American Against Food Taxes is very efficient and can be graded as A. This is because they have selected the most suitable methods of communication for convincing the readers about their point. The website caters to all the arguments provided in favor of the tax with very good counterarguments which actually tend to put the reader in thought. The advertisements by the agency explain the problems of the common man presenting the fact that such taxes would only burden the people who are already working very hard to meet their financial requirements. It then caters to the requirements of the parents by explaining to them that the implementation of proper dietary plans for children have been put into action to improve the health status of the children. They also a rgue that many programs have been initiated for children to increase their physical activities which play a more important role than the consumption. They also present the fact that the government would not utilize these taxes to assist the health but rather they would be used in other sectors. It then addresses to the issue of the working class that many people could get unemployed if the beverage industry is affected. Hence, a very effective communication method is utilized by providing support with the assistance of different advertisements and journals. The problems of all the different people of the society are also addressed to explain their point and support it with evidence. The Americans Against Food Taxes seems more of a propaganda and it maintains its primary focus on convincing the individual to believe against the taxes imposed on unhealthy foods. It does not provide with a clear picture explaining both sides of the issue but rather focuses on one point. It seems to be very pro-beverage industry focusing upon the positive steps of the beverage industry. It does not present the researches that also claim the role of these beverages in leading to diseases. As it is known that in today’s world of economic crisis, many people are facing financial setbacks. The

The disrespectfulness of children towards adults compared to 50 years Research Paper

The disrespectfulness of children towards adults compared to 50 years ago - Research Paper Example This essay will compare and contrast the same to reach towards a conclusion. Until the mid of the twentieth century, schools did not have such strict punishments as they have today such as detention, suspension and others. This is because they did not need them. Students were less likely to exhibit intolerable behaviors against their teachers or other adults and even if there were signs that they were about to do the same, one look from the teacher or the parent was enough to force them to forget about every unorthodox act that was in their head. However, today, schools and high schools need special personnel to ensure discipline at all times. Teachers and administration uses all possible threats to keep children under the limits of ethics but the cases where children have gone off limits are increasing rapidly (Rainey, Rainey & Nygren, 2002). The biggest sign of disrespectfulness of children towards adults and especially their parents is evident from the shattering of the nuclear family, where three generations of grand fathers, fathers and children would live together to make up a family structure. The eldest in the family would have the veto right in all matters concerning the family members and he would unquestionable authority. However, this is not true for today (Leach, 2009). Over the past few decades, the extinction of the nuclear family structure has increased at an exponential rate. Children do not feel the fact about their responsibility to take care of their parents and in the same way in which their parents took care of them when they were young. Instead, the children wait for their late teens and run away from their homes to â€Å"start their own lives† leaving their parents behind (Rainey, Rainey & Nygren, 2002). Five decades ago, it was more likely that one could see a child or a teenager sparing his few moments to help any old gentlemen with crossing the road, reading the newspaper, giving him his seat on the bus or giving him a

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Is Fuel Price Hedging profitable for airline industries Article

Is Fuel Price Hedging profitable for airline industries - Article Example Most airlines today hedge fuel costs. This has not always been the scenario. As recently as 15 years ago, fuel hedging was rare. European flag carriers used currency hedges previously to dilute their risk in fuel volatility In the last 12 years (From 9/11 particularly), unstable oil prices have caused a huge panic situation in the airline industry, a trend which will probably continue for some time. Crude price level rose to nearly $150 per barrel approx, later collapsing to below $40, and recently recovering back to $122 (Wyman) (Oilnergy). The past five years have been very intriguing for global airline industry. The state of the capital markets has not been too rosy itself leaving many corporations without much access to capital let alone cheaper rates In these times of significant modification and instability, it is a need that these airlines employ a feasible risk management program, allowing not only confronting the most challenging of times, but should also lead them to prosper in face of adversities. The question we will try to answer through this case study is that is it worth it in terms of profitability for airline Industry? Previously all airlines hedged their exposure with respect of an oil future. Future implies paying a decided price for an amount of oil on a stated date(s). Consider a company buying a this future of jet fuel at $10 per barrel and jet fuel rises to $18, that commitment protects $10 worth of jet fuel underlying from the consequent 80% increase in price. Airlines typically hedge between 30 to 70% of their expected fuel costs. The recent survey of 24 anonymous international carriers reveals a very important snippet of data (Mercatus Energy) Hedging instruments as we assumed initially only involved fuel hedging used futures contracts. Nowadays, the exposure can be hedged in considerable ways which includes the good old futures, comparatively newer forwards and the latest ones namely options with the limits like covered call and

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

The disrespectfulness of children towards adults compared to 50 years Research Paper

The disrespectfulness of children towards adults compared to 50 years ago - Research Paper Example This essay will compare and contrast the same to reach towards a conclusion. Until the mid of the twentieth century, schools did not have such strict punishments as they have today such as detention, suspension and others. This is because they did not need them. Students were less likely to exhibit intolerable behaviors against their teachers or other adults and even if there were signs that they were about to do the same, one look from the teacher or the parent was enough to force them to forget about every unorthodox act that was in their head. However, today, schools and high schools need special personnel to ensure discipline at all times. Teachers and administration uses all possible threats to keep children under the limits of ethics but the cases where children have gone off limits are increasing rapidly (Rainey, Rainey & Nygren, 2002). The biggest sign of disrespectfulness of children towards adults and especially their parents is evident from the shattering of the nuclear family, where three generations of grand fathers, fathers and children would live together to make up a family structure. The eldest in the family would have the veto right in all matters concerning the family members and he would unquestionable authority. However, this is not true for today (Leach, 2009). Over the past few decades, the extinction of the nuclear family structure has increased at an exponential rate. Children do not feel the fact about their responsibility to take care of their parents and in the same way in which their parents took care of them when they were young. Instead, the children wait for their late teens and run away from their homes to â€Å"start their own lives† leaving their parents behind (Rainey, Rainey & Nygren, 2002). Five decades ago, it was more likely that one could see a child or a teenager sparing his few moments to help any old gentlemen with crossing the road, reading the newspaper, giving him his seat on the bus or giving him a

The Two Party System Essay Example for Free

The Two Party System Essay What are the advantages and disadvantages of the two-party system in the UK? The two- party system is not a new practice in British politics. Britain has been living under a two party system since the mid-seventeenth Century. However, this system is still a foundation of most ideas of British politics. Other than America, Britain is one of the only major countries that have a two party system. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this system? Is Britain afraid to change its system? If this system has been around for so long, it is because it has many advantages. First of all, the system advantages big parties with more seats. When a party wins an election, whether he has won by a majority or not, he gets a majority of seats. For example, when Labour won in 1997, they got 60% of the seats, although they had not won the election by a majority. This advantages the party because more seats mean more power and they can then impose their ideas on other parties and always be sure to pass legislation. This leads to our second advantage; a stronger executive. With this majority of seats, the party can, as we said before, pass on their laws easily, but also resist ministers. This advantages the voter as he is sure that the party he voted for will be making the law. For example, if Mr. Smith voted for Labour in the 1997 elections, then he is obviously in favour of their ideas and laws. So, when they make new decisions when they are in power, Mr. Smith is likely to be in favour of them, and so has a better chance of having the legislation passed. The voter is therefore privileged. Another advantage is that the voter has a clear choice. Because there is only one party elected, the elector can follow what the party is doing, i.e. whether it is keeping its promises or not. If the party does not do what it promised it would, then the voter can then hold it responsible at the next election. And because there is no coalition in British Government, then only one party can be responsible. For example: Lets say Conservatives promise during their campaign to make sensible decisions during conflicts. Then comes a conflict between Ireland and Northern Ireland. Conservatives, now in power, decide to bomb Northern Ireland. Because of this, the conflict becomes much harsher which leads to a war between Britain and Northern Ireland. The voter is then aware of the mistake Conservatives have made, and therefore can dismiss Conservatives at the next election. Although the two party system has these advantages, it seems to have more disadvantages. First of all, voters have a very limited choice when it comes to elections. In Britain there are various parties, but only two have been in power until now: Labour and Conservatives. Therefore, the voter seems to be obligated to choose between one and the other. And since they are opposites, they have completely different views. Its black or white. There is the party of Liberal Democrats, but the number of people voting for them is too little to be taken into consideration (hence the two-party system). For example: If Labour are arguing that Health Services should be 100% public and Conservatives want it to be 100% private, what will Mrs. Johnson do if she wants it half/half? It will be very hard for her to know who to vote for. The choice is too limited and therefore the two party system should be changed. Secondly, we may think that having a one party government makes it stronger and more stable, but in fact, in times of crisis, coalition is vital. And it is hard to believe that millions of individual voters all consciously coordinate and have the same ideas than the party. It is true that during the two great wars and during the 1931 economic crisis, British Government had to resort to coalition. It is too hard for one party alone to make all the decisions at times of war. Another drawback of the two party system is that all other parties are disadvantaged; the number of seats are not proportional to the percentage of votes a party has won. If a party wins an election, whether he had a majority of votes or not, he will get a majority of seats. This is unfair and undemocratic. Other parties get a very small number of seats and so hardly get a say during conferences. For example: Lets say during the 2003 elections, Labour get 44% of the votes, Conservatives get 31%, Liberal Democrats get 18% and the last 7% go to various parties. Labour are going to get 60% of the seats, Conservatives around 20%, Liberal Democrats around 10% and the rest will go to the other parties remaining. This is unfair as Labour did not get a majority of votes, and therefore should not win a majority of seats. The strongest disadvantage of this two party system is the First Past the Post election system. In Britain, the party who wins the election is the one that gets the most votes. If Conservatives get elected with 41% of the votes, while Labour got 36%, Liberal Democrats got 21% and remaining parties got 2%, then Britain will have a Government that only 41% of the country agrees with. Therefore 59% of the country will be dissatisfied. This is absurd and completely undemocratic. In France, a candidate can only be elected if he has an absolute majority (over 50% plus one vote). This way, it is certain that at least half of the population is satisfied. Moreover, the President has to elect a Prime Minister from the opposite party. Therefore there is a coalition between the two parties and voters are contented. Although the electoral system in Britain hasnt changed in years, it seems that there are more disadvantages than advantages in it. It is treating parties unequally, and this is unacceptable for a 21st Century Society. I think it is important to change this system, and then we will have a better chance of expressing our opinions through our elected parties. Politics is about freedom of expression and this system completely spoils our freedom. A State without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation. Edmund Burke

Monday, October 14, 2019

Chronicle Of Death Foretold, Marquez

Chronicle Of Death Foretold, Marquez In every society, there exist authority figures that are looked upon by their people to provide a stronghold of security and leadership. A competent leader is one who holds interest in the welfare of his people before his own. He concerns himself with defending justice rather than his status and personal interests. In contrast to these ideal are the authority figures portrayed in Gabriel Garcia Marquezs Chronicle of a Death Foretold and Albert Camus The Stranger. With societies constantly looking to authority figures for guidance, Marquez and Camus both utilize the literary devices of satire and irony to depict follies in the actions of the leaders and to criticize their negative influence on the people. Within the novel, Chronicle of Death Foretold, Marquez specifically uses situational irony and satire of the legal system to portray the ineffectual roles of the societys leaders. Marquez commences his novel by illustrating the townspeople engaging in a thorough preparation for the annual arrival of the bishop. The entire town anticipates for his arrival, bearing gifts and animals. Ironically, however, the bishop exhibits a great amount of apathy toward the people in this town. The author illustrates the scene of the blessing as a fleeting illusion with the bishop making the sign of the cross in the air opposite the crowd on the pierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ doing it mechanically [and] without malice or inspiration. (Marquez, 17). It is apparent the bishop simply went through the required motions necessitated to form this physical act, showing minimal-or if any-devotion. As the highest leader of the church, many would agree that it is Bishops responsibility to uphold the intrinsic values of hi s faith teachings. Forgiveness, acceptance, and love are all commonly accepted Christian values. However, its ironic that the bishops blessing completely contradicts such Christian ideals. The bishops attitude toward his own people displays little acceptance or religious devotion. Through the authors description of this involuntary action, the bishop is portrayed as a dispassionate and apathetic character. This very apathetic nature clearly exposes his spiritual faà §ade. Like a child abandoned by the parents, this society is left without much structure or guidance. Without this principled guidance, the society will eventually come to reflect its leader. Therefore, it is not surprising how social apathy comes to be one of the central causes behind the death of Santiago Nasar. Furthermore, Marquez effectively employs the use of satire on the legal system to further elicit the follies of authority figures. During the trial of Santiagos murderers, the Vicario Twins, the narrator recou nts, The lawyer stood by the thesis of homicide in legitimate defense of honor, which was upheld by the court in good faith (48). Here, the legal system is clearly satirized as the two brothers are found innocent at their trial, despite committing a flagitious murder. Legal authorities within the court of law are looked upon to conduct trials in an objective and rational manner. However, this is not the case with the trial. The courts view of reality has become tainted by the high values and reverence that has been placed upon tradition and honor. Marquez criticizes how authority figures from the court places more emphasis on defending societal values such as honor over defending the possible innocence of a man. In turn, people of the town come to approve a crime such as murder if it in is the name of honor because that is what is being condoned in the court of justice. Similar to the way Marquez exposes the folly in the actions of the legal authorities, Camus narration in The Stranger also exposes follies in the actions of the magistrate and judge as seen through the satire on religion and the use of verbal irony. In a particular instance during one of the interviews, the magistrate begins communicating to Meursault about his faith in God. He then begins waving his crucifix almost directly over [Meursaults] head, (Camus, 68) in the hopes of inciting a sense of repentance in Meursault. However, when it is apparent that Meursault is still unaffected, the magistrate becomes enraged and thrusts the crucifix in [Meursaults] face and was screaming irrationally (69). Through such a reaction, it is evident how the rational faà §ade of the magistrate can easily be shattered just like the spiritual faà §ade of the bishop in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Likewise, just as how Marquez draws attention to the bishops selfishness, Camus also effectively gives way to the selfish nature of the magistrate. Instead of inquiring Meursault about his motives or reasons for his crime like any ration and dignified legal authority should do, the magistrate strives to assert his faith onto others. Yet, even his intentions to do so are flawed, because just like the bishop, the magistrate does not exemplify or teach any true Christian values. He wields the crucifix as a source of power, expecting every criminal to weep at its sight as they have all done in the past. In doing so, the magistrate utilizes the crucifix as a way to reassure himself on the truth of his beliefs, not to bring others close to the faith. This manifestation of the magistrates selfish desires exemplifies how religion is satirized in Camus work. Through the actions of the magistrate, Camus shows how society exploits faith as a defense to avoid taking responsibility for their lives. Instead of using religious faith to find inner peace, the people in the society are taught by autho rity figures, like the magistrate, to use religion for self interest. Later on in the novel, Camus uses verbal irony to convey the follies of yet another legal authority, the judge. Right before the commencement of Meursaults trial, he states, According to [the judge], he was there to conduct in an impartial manner the proceedings of a case which he would consider objectively and that the case will be handled in the spirit of justice (86). The very fact that judge vowed to been entirely impartial is highly unbelievable, especially with a case concerning a murder. The folly to examine here is the fact that everyone has their own prejudices which, undeniably includes the judge. In The Stranger, it is apparent as to how Meursaults disbelief in God and his indifference to the world deeply disturbs society. Society, however, cannot handle to have strangers or outsiders who live by other rules. It demands obedience, and nothing less. In the end, Meursault is condemned to a brutal fate not because of the crime he committed, but the fact that he cannot submit to such societal expectations. Meursaults fate has already been determined even before the trial begins. Nothing about his trial is viewed, argued about, or judged in unbiased expression. As a result, his sentence will not save him any justice either, emphasizing the irony in the words of the judge. In essence, the judge is not present to administer justice but to obliterate those outside of the accepted conformity. Camus uses this fact to criticize how society has the inclination to follow the face-value standards provided by higher authorities.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Lord of the Flies :: essays research papers

"It is a man's own mind, not his enemy or foe, that lures him to evil ways." (Buddha) Is man basically good or is man basically evil? In the popular novel, Lord of the Flies, William Goldings shows that man is basically evil, but that man can overcome those instincts if he tries. Simon, Ralph, and Piggy are prime examples of keeping their good character. In each of them there is a desire to do good. They show throughout the novel that it is possible, even when surrounded by evil, to put aside desires and keep good morals. Simon is the morally good boy. His selflessness and goodness comes from within. He is kind to the little boys, and helps the outcasts. For example, when none of the boys want to give Piggy meat from the first pig, Simon steps up and takes him meat. "Simon†¦wiped his mouth and shoved his piece of meat over the rocks to Piggy†¦"(p.74) While everyone else is cruel to the young ones, he helps the "lil'uns" grab meat from the trees when they can't reach. "Simon found for them the fruit they could not reach, pulled off the choicest†¦passed them back to the endless, outstretched hands." (p.56) Simon helps those whom no one else is kind to, perhaps remembering that he was looked down upon once. He realizes what it's like to be scorned and to be the "little one", so he tries to make it less miserable for the outcasts by being kind to them. He wants to always help others, so when he discovers the beast is inside of everyone, not external, as they had imagined, he instantly runs down the mountain to tell him. He helps others even to the point of death. Simon is not the only one to demonstrate selflessness in the book. Ralph is the shows his kindness and goodness at the very beginning of the book. As leader, he desires for all of the boys to be safely rescued and for them to be taken care of. "If this isn't an island we might get rescued straight away†¦everyone must stay around here and wait and not go away." (p. 22) He starts out with the best intentions in mind, and wants to have the best for everyone. As the novel continues, and evil intensifies, Ralph won't participate in the wickedness of others. He keeps away from evil by having quiet times by himself and keeping his goal, to be rescued, in front of himself.